WILLIAMS' ESSENTIALS OF
NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY
13TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)JOYCE ANN GILBERT;
ELEANOR SCHLENKER
TEST BANK
1️⃣ Reference
Ch. 1️ — Nutrition and Health
Clinical Question Stem
A 54-year-old man with BMI 31️ kg/m² attends a workplace
health-screening fair. He reports a family history of coronary
artery disease, eats fast food for lunch 4–5 times/week, and has
a fasting lipid panel showing LDL 1️50 mg/dL, HDL 38 mg/dL,
and TG 200 mg/dL. Which nutrition-focused recommendation is
the most appropriate first-line intervention to reduce his
cardiovascular risk?
,Options
A. Prescribe a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet to rapidly reduce
triglycerides.
B. Recommend a Mediterranean-style eating pattern
emphasizing vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, and oily
fish.
C. Advise eliminating all fats from the diet to lower LDL
cholesterol.
D. Suggest consuming meal-replacement shakes twice daily to
create caloric deficit.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct Option: Recommending a Mediterranean-style eating
pattern is evidence-based for cardiovascular risk reduction; it
improves lipid profiles, increases HDL, reduces LDL oxidation,
and is practical for long-term adherence aligned with health-
promotion principles in the chapter.
Incorrect A: Very-low-carb ketogenic diets may lower TG quickly
but are not first-line for broad cardiovascular risk reduction and
can be hard to sustain; not emphasized as the primary public-
health approach.
Incorrect C: Eliminating all fats is unnecessary and may reduce
intake of cardioprotective unsaturated fats; quality of fat
matters more than total fat elimination.
Incorrect D: Meal-replacement shakes may create caloric deficit
,short-term but do not teach sustainable food selection or
address diet quality and are not the preferred first-line
population-level strategy.
Teaching Point
Promote a Mediterranean-style pattern: quality fats, plant
foods, whole grains, and fish for heart health.
Citation
Gilbert, J. A., & Schlenker, E. (2024). Williams’ Essentials of
Nutrition and Diet Therapy (1️3th ed.). Chapter 1️.
1️⃣ Reference
Ch. 1️ — Nutrition Screening vs. Assessment
Clinical Question Stem
A community clinic uses a two-step procedure: an initial
nutrition screening followed by comprehensive assessment
when screening is positive. A 78-year-old woman screens
positive due to unintended 6% weight loss over 6 months and
decreased appetite. What is the priority next step in nutrition
care?
Options
A. Immediately start a high-protein oral supplement without
further evaluation.
B. Perform a detailed nutrition-focused assessment including
intake history, medication review, and functional status.
C. Refer to social services for grocery assistance before any
, clinical assessment.
D. Reassure the patient that mild weight loss is normal in older
age and schedule routine follow-up in 6 months.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct Option: A positive screening requires a comprehensive
nutrition assessment to identify causes (medical, medication,
psychosocial), quantify deficits, and guide targeted
interventions—consistent with screening vs. assessment
principles.
Incorrect A: Starting supplements without assessment may miss
underlying causes and may be unnecessary or contraindicated.
Incorrect C: Social services referral may be appropriate but
should follow or coincide with assessment findings to
determine need.
Incorrect D: Dismissing significant weight loss is unsafe; timely
assessment is needed.
Teaching Point
Positive screening mandates a comprehensive nutrition-focused
assessment to identify causes and plan care.
Citation
Gilbert, J. A., & Schlenker, E. (2024). Williams’ Essentials of
Nutrition and Diet Therapy (1️3th ed.). Chapter 1️.
NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY
13TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)JOYCE ANN GILBERT;
ELEANOR SCHLENKER
TEST BANK
1️⃣ Reference
Ch. 1️ — Nutrition and Health
Clinical Question Stem
A 54-year-old man with BMI 31️ kg/m² attends a workplace
health-screening fair. He reports a family history of coronary
artery disease, eats fast food for lunch 4–5 times/week, and has
a fasting lipid panel showing LDL 1️50 mg/dL, HDL 38 mg/dL,
and TG 200 mg/dL. Which nutrition-focused recommendation is
the most appropriate first-line intervention to reduce his
cardiovascular risk?
,Options
A. Prescribe a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet to rapidly reduce
triglycerides.
B. Recommend a Mediterranean-style eating pattern
emphasizing vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, and oily
fish.
C. Advise eliminating all fats from the diet to lower LDL
cholesterol.
D. Suggest consuming meal-replacement shakes twice daily to
create caloric deficit.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct Option: Recommending a Mediterranean-style eating
pattern is evidence-based for cardiovascular risk reduction; it
improves lipid profiles, increases HDL, reduces LDL oxidation,
and is practical for long-term adherence aligned with health-
promotion principles in the chapter.
Incorrect A: Very-low-carb ketogenic diets may lower TG quickly
but are not first-line for broad cardiovascular risk reduction and
can be hard to sustain; not emphasized as the primary public-
health approach.
Incorrect C: Eliminating all fats is unnecessary and may reduce
intake of cardioprotective unsaturated fats; quality of fat
matters more than total fat elimination.
Incorrect D: Meal-replacement shakes may create caloric deficit
,short-term but do not teach sustainable food selection or
address diet quality and are not the preferred first-line
population-level strategy.
Teaching Point
Promote a Mediterranean-style pattern: quality fats, plant
foods, whole grains, and fish for heart health.
Citation
Gilbert, J. A., & Schlenker, E. (2024). Williams’ Essentials of
Nutrition and Diet Therapy (1️3th ed.). Chapter 1️.
1️⃣ Reference
Ch. 1️ — Nutrition Screening vs. Assessment
Clinical Question Stem
A community clinic uses a two-step procedure: an initial
nutrition screening followed by comprehensive assessment
when screening is positive. A 78-year-old woman screens
positive due to unintended 6% weight loss over 6 months and
decreased appetite. What is the priority next step in nutrition
care?
Options
A. Immediately start a high-protein oral supplement without
further evaluation.
B. Perform a detailed nutrition-focused assessment including
intake history, medication review, and functional status.
C. Refer to social services for grocery assistance before any
, clinical assessment.
D. Reassure the patient that mild weight loss is normal in older
age and schedule routine follow-up in 6 months.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct Option: A positive screening requires a comprehensive
nutrition assessment to identify causes (medical, medication,
psychosocial), quantify deficits, and guide targeted
interventions—consistent with screening vs. assessment
principles.
Incorrect A: Starting supplements without assessment may miss
underlying causes and may be unnecessary or contraindicated.
Incorrect C: Social services referral may be appropriate but
should follow or coincide with assessment findings to
determine need.
Incorrect D: Dismissing significant weight loss is unsafe; timely
assessment is needed.
Teaching Point
Positive screening mandates a comprehensive nutrition-focused
assessment to identify causes and plan care.
Citation
Gilbert, J. A., & Schlenker, E. (2024). Williams’ Essentials of
Nutrition and Diet Therapy (1️3th ed.). Chapter 1️.
