Cells A&P Study Guide Questions And
Actual Answers.
cell - Answer basic unit of life
cell differentiation - Answer process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific
structure or function
tissue - Answer group of similar cells that perform a particular function
nucleus - Answer control center of the cell; contains DNA
cytoplasm - Answer material between the cell membrane and the nucleus
plasma membrane - Answer thin flexible barrier that regulates what enters and exits the cell;
composed of two layers of lipids
nucleolus - Answer small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins
begins
nuclear membrane - Answer highly porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the
cytoplasm
chromatin - Answer long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins; condenses to form
chromosomes
intracellular fluid - Answer fluid residing inside the cells that provides the medium for
cellular reactions
extracellular fluid - Answer all body fluid other than that contained within cells; includes
plasma and interstitial fluid
cytosol - Answer fluid portion of the cytoplasm
organelle - Answer specialized structure that performs specific functions within cell
, free ribosome - Answer floats around in cytoplasm; makes proteins that will stay within the
cell
fixed ribosome - Answer ribosome bound to the endoplasmic reticulum; makes proteins for
export outside the cell
smooth endoplasmic reticulum - Answer no attached ribosomes; three main functions:
intracellular transport, lipid synthesis, drug and alcohol detoxification
rough endoplasmic reticulum - Answer has attached ribosomes; produces membrane and
secretory proteins
Golgi apparatus - Answer stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages
proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
lysosome - Answer organelle that contains digestive enzymes
peroxisome - Answer organelles that contain the hydrogen peroxide produced by lipid
metabolism; convert the toxic hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen using catalase
mitochondria - Answer organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into ATP
through cellular respiration
cytoskeleton - Answer network of protein fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to
keep its shape, and aids in movement
microfilament - Answer thin, solid protein fibers that provide structural support for the cell
microtubule - Answer tubes of protein; form the mitotic spindle during cell division, form
cilia and flagella, and are used for intracellular structure and transport
microvilli - Answer projections that increase the cell's surface area
cilia - Answer short, hair-like structures made of microtubules that enable movement of cells
or movement of materials outside a cell
flagellum - Answer hair-like projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile
Actual Answers.
cell - Answer basic unit of life
cell differentiation - Answer process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific
structure or function
tissue - Answer group of similar cells that perform a particular function
nucleus - Answer control center of the cell; contains DNA
cytoplasm - Answer material between the cell membrane and the nucleus
plasma membrane - Answer thin flexible barrier that regulates what enters and exits the cell;
composed of two layers of lipids
nucleolus - Answer small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins
begins
nuclear membrane - Answer highly porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the
cytoplasm
chromatin - Answer long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins; condenses to form
chromosomes
intracellular fluid - Answer fluid residing inside the cells that provides the medium for
cellular reactions
extracellular fluid - Answer all body fluid other than that contained within cells; includes
plasma and interstitial fluid
cytosol - Answer fluid portion of the cytoplasm
organelle - Answer specialized structure that performs specific functions within cell
, free ribosome - Answer floats around in cytoplasm; makes proteins that will stay within the
cell
fixed ribosome - Answer ribosome bound to the endoplasmic reticulum; makes proteins for
export outside the cell
smooth endoplasmic reticulum - Answer no attached ribosomes; three main functions:
intracellular transport, lipid synthesis, drug and alcohol detoxification
rough endoplasmic reticulum - Answer has attached ribosomes; produces membrane and
secretory proteins
Golgi apparatus - Answer stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages
proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
lysosome - Answer organelle that contains digestive enzymes
peroxisome - Answer organelles that contain the hydrogen peroxide produced by lipid
metabolism; convert the toxic hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen using catalase
mitochondria - Answer organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into ATP
through cellular respiration
cytoskeleton - Answer network of protein fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to
keep its shape, and aids in movement
microfilament - Answer thin, solid protein fibers that provide structural support for the cell
microtubule - Answer tubes of protein; form the mitotic spindle during cell division, form
cilia and flagella, and are used for intracellular structure and transport
microvilli - Answer projections that increase the cell's surface area
cilia - Answer short, hair-like structures made of microtubules that enable movement of cells
or movement of materials outside a cell
flagellum - Answer hair-like projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile
