WILLIAMS' ESSENTIALS OF
NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY
13TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)JOYCE ANN GILBERT;
ELEANOR SCHLENKER
TEST BANK
1⃣
Reference
Ch. 1 — Nutrition and Health
Clinical Question Stem
A 54-year-old man with hypertension and a 25-year history of
smoking attends a community screening. His BMI is 29 kg/m²,
he reports consuming fast food most days, and says he rarely
reads nutrition labels. Which nutrition-related health risk
,should you prioritize in screening and initial counseling for this
patient?
Options
A. Risk of iron deficiency anemia from limited fruit intake
B. Elevated cardiovascular disease risk due to dietary patterns
and risk factors
C. Risk of protein-energy malnutrition from fast-food
consumption
D. Increased risk of foodborne illness due to label-reading
habits
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct (B): His combination of overweight (BMI 29), frequent
fast-food intake, long smoking history, and hypertension places
him at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Prioritizing CVD risk
reduction through dietary pattern change (reduce saturated fat,
sodium; increase vegetables, whole grains) aligns with the
chapter’s emphasis on nutrition and health.
Incorrect (A): Iron deficiency anemia is unlikely to be the
primary concern; his diet and risk profile point more strongly to
chronic disease risk.
Incorrect (C): Fast-food diets are typically energy-dense;
protein-energy malnutrition is not the most plausible
immediate risk in this adult.
Incorrect (D): Not reading labels does not meaningfully increase
,foodborne illness risk; food safety relates to handling and
storage rather than label literacy.
Teaching Point
Identify and prioritize diet–disease risks (e.g., CVD) based on
clustered clinical and lifestyle factors.
Citation
Gilbert, J. A., & Schlenker, E. (2024). Williams’ Essentials of
Nutrition and Diet Therapy (13th ed.). Chapter 1.
2️⃣
Reference
Ch. 1 — The Science of Nutrition
Clinical Question Stem
A nurse reviews a patient’s medication list and notes long-term
use of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). The patient asks whether
diet can offset potential nutrient issues. Which nutrient
deficiency risk should the nurse evaluate and why?
Options
A. Vitamin C deficiency because PPIs inhibit absorption of
water-soluble vitamins
B. Calcium deficiency due to reduced gastric acid impairing
calcium absorption
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency because chronic PPI use reduces
intrinsic factor production
, D. Vitamin K deficiency because PPIs are linked to decreased gut
flora synthesis
Correct Answer
C
Rationales
Correct (C): Chronic suppression of gastric acid with PPIs can
impair cleavage of vitamin B12 from food proteins and reduce
its absorption over time, making B12 deficiency an important
nutrition assessment point. This follows the chapter’s
explanation of nutrient absorption physiology.
Incorrect (A): Vitamin C is water-soluble and not primarily
affected by acid suppression; PPI impact there is minimal.
Incorrect (B): While severe hypochlorhydria can modestly affect
calcium absorption, the stronger and more clinically recognized
risk with long-term PPI is vitamin B12.
Incorrect (D): Vitamin K status is more closely linked to dietary
intake and antibiotic use affecting flora, not PPIs.
Teaching Point
Link medication effects on digestion to specific nutrient
absorption risks (e.g., PPIs → B12).
Citation
Gilbert, J. A., & Schlenker, E. (2024). Williams’ Essentials of
Nutrition and Diet Therapy (13th ed.). Chapter 1.
3⃣
NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY
13TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)JOYCE ANN GILBERT;
ELEANOR SCHLENKER
TEST BANK
1⃣
Reference
Ch. 1 — Nutrition and Health
Clinical Question Stem
A 54-year-old man with hypertension and a 25-year history of
smoking attends a community screening. His BMI is 29 kg/m²,
he reports consuming fast food most days, and says he rarely
reads nutrition labels. Which nutrition-related health risk
,should you prioritize in screening and initial counseling for this
patient?
Options
A. Risk of iron deficiency anemia from limited fruit intake
B. Elevated cardiovascular disease risk due to dietary patterns
and risk factors
C. Risk of protein-energy malnutrition from fast-food
consumption
D. Increased risk of foodborne illness due to label-reading
habits
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
Correct (B): His combination of overweight (BMI 29), frequent
fast-food intake, long smoking history, and hypertension places
him at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Prioritizing CVD risk
reduction through dietary pattern change (reduce saturated fat,
sodium; increase vegetables, whole grains) aligns with the
chapter’s emphasis on nutrition and health.
Incorrect (A): Iron deficiency anemia is unlikely to be the
primary concern; his diet and risk profile point more strongly to
chronic disease risk.
Incorrect (C): Fast-food diets are typically energy-dense;
protein-energy malnutrition is not the most plausible
immediate risk in this adult.
Incorrect (D): Not reading labels does not meaningfully increase
,foodborne illness risk; food safety relates to handling and
storage rather than label literacy.
Teaching Point
Identify and prioritize diet–disease risks (e.g., CVD) based on
clustered clinical and lifestyle factors.
Citation
Gilbert, J. A., & Schlenker, E. (2024). Williams’ Essentials of
Nutrition and Diet Therapy (13th ed.). Chapter 1.
2️⃣
Reference
Ch. 1 — The Science of Nutrition
Clinical Question Stem
A nurse reviews a patient’s medication list and notes long-term
use of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). The patient asks whether
diet can offset potential nutrient issues. Which nutrient
deficiency risk should the nurse evaluate and why?
Options
A. Vitamin C deficiency because PPIs inhibit absorption of
water-soluble vitamins
B. Calcium deficiency due to reduced gastric acid impairing
calcium absorption
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency because chronic PPI use reduces
intrinsic factor production
, D. Vitamin K deficiency because PPIs are linked to decreased gut
flora synthesis
Correct Answer
C
Rationales
Correct (C): Chronic suppression of gastric acid with PPIs can
impair cleavage of vitamin B12 from food proteins and reduce
its absorption over time, making B12 deficiency an important
nutrition assessment point. This follows the chapter’s
explanation of nutrient absorption physiology.
Incorrect (A): Vitamin C is water-soluble and not primarily
affected by acid suppression; PPI impact there is minimal.
Incorrect (B): While severe hypochlorhydria can modestly affect
calcium absorption, the stronger and more clinically recognized
risk with long-term PPI is vitamin B12.
Incorrect (D): Vitamin K status is more closely linked to dietary
intake and antibiotic use affecting flora, not PPIs.
Teaching Point
Link medication effects on digestion to specific nutrient
absorption risks (e.g., PPIs → B12).
Citation
Gilbert, J. A., & Schlenker, E. (2024). Williams’ Essentials of
Nutrition and Diet Therapy (13th ed.). Chapter 1.
3⃣
