CERTIFIED OPHTHALMIC ASSISTANT
(COA) STUDY GUIDE – JCAHPO
CORRECT 100%
When reading add power on the lensometer take the difference between the triple line
target distance reading and the _____.
A. Single line distance reading
B. Triple line bifocal reading
C. Single line bifocal reading
D. Zero point - ANSWERB. Triple line bifocal reading
What is a yellow top on eye drops for?
A. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
B. Prostaglandin analogues
C. Beta-blockers
D. Cycloplegics - ANSWERC. Beta-blockers
* Can also be light blue!
* Used to treat glaucoma; it helps to decrease the production of aqueous humor and
reduce IOP
* Examples:
- Timolol
- Levobunolol
- Betaxolol (light blue top)
The purpose of keratometry is to measure: - ANSWERThe curvature of the anterior
corneal surface
An eye alignment deviation that is not present unless fusion is disrupted is called a:
A. Phoria
B. Tropia
C. Hyper deviation
D. Eso deviation - ANSWERA. Phoria
* Tropia and Phorias are terms to describe when the eyes are not in alignment with
each other
* A tropia is always present, while phorias are there "some of the time," such as when
the patient is tired or when fusion is broken (you cover an eye and it starts to drift).
The endpoint of the Maddox Rod test occurs when:
A. The red dot is superimposed on the light
B. The red line goes through the light
C. The red line disappears
D. The red line is above the light - ANSWERB. The red line goes through the light
,A condition in which blood has settled in the bottom half of the anterior chamber of the
eye is called a:
A. Subconjunctival hemorrhage
B. Pink eye
C. Hyphema
D. Glaucoma - ANSWERC. Hyphema
* A subconjunctival hemorrhage will only involve the white of the eye, not the center,
and will typically have no pain associated with it
* A hyphema will only affect the center of the eye, behind the cornea, and will usually
have pain and additional symptoms associated with it
An outward deviation of the eye(s) is a(n) ____ and an inward deviation of the eye(s) is
called a(n) ______.
A. Esodeviation / Exodeviation
B. Esophoria / Exophoria
C. Exodeviation / Esodeviation
D. Exophoria / Esophoria - ANSWERC. Exodeviation / Esodeviation
* Esotropia means that one eye is deviated inward and is often called crossed eyes
* Exotropia is when one or both eyes look outward, often called wall-eyed
* A tropia is always present, while phorias are there "some of the time".
Kinetic perimetry means that the light stimulus is:
A. Moving from an area of non-seeing to an area of presumed seeing
B. A stimulus that is presented to the patient but not moved
C. A situation in which visual fields are performed without either eye being occluded
D. The stimulus is jiggled slightly so the patient can see it - ANSWERA. Moving from an
area of non-seeing to an area of presumed seeing
* The two most commonly used types of perimetry are Goldmann kinetic perimetry and
threshold static automated perimetry
What is the name of the condition where a fibrovascular growth forms on the
conjunctiva to a portion of the cornea?
A. Pterygium
B. Pinguecula
C. Exteration
D. Entropion - ANSWERA. Pterygium
* A pinguecula is characterized by a yellowish raised growth on the conjunctiva typically
at the nasal or temporal conjunctiva near the edge of cornea
* Pterygium is the triangular shape of vascularized conjunctival tissue on the cornea and
it invades the cornea (known as fibrovascular invasion of the cornea)
Forward displacement of the eye in it's bony socket causing the eye to bulge forward is
termed:
A. Exophthalmos
B. Neoplasia
C. Buphthalmos
,D. Exophasia - ANSWERA. Exophthalmos
* Exophthalmos is a normal-sized globe that is being pushed forward by a space-
occupying lesion in the orbit.
* Buphthalmos is a normally-positioned globe that is enlarged due to elevated
intraocular pressure, i.e., glaucoma
_____ is the distance from the front surface of the cornea to the back side of a lens that
is mounted in a frame and being worn by the patient.
A. Back vertex
B. Lens vertex
C. Vertex distance
D. Front vertex - ANSWERC. Vertex distance
A non-contact lens to examine the macula is:
A. Goniolens
B. Hruby lens
C. Koeppe lens
D. Maddox lens - ANSWERB. Hruby lens
* It is held immediately in front of the cornea and forms a virtual, erect, and minified
image of the retina
* A Koeppe lens allows examination of both the angle and the posterior pole
Which blood vessels have valves?
A. Veins
B. Arteries
C. Capillaries
D. Arterioles - ANSWERA. Veins
What major microbial categories may be associated with eye infections?
A. Bacteria and viruses
B. Fungus
C. Parasites
D. All of the above - ANSWERD. All of the above
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Fungus
- Parasites
With the Rule Astigmatism - ANSWERA condition in which the steepest corneal
meridian is in the vertical plane, an example of keratometer reading for a patient
exhibiting this condition would be:
K's: 42.00 @ 180/45.00 @ 90
Pantoscopic tilt - ANSWERThe angle of an eyeglass lens in relation to the vertical plane
Inflammation of the tear sac associated with faulty tear drainage is:
, A. Trichiasis
B. Blepharitis
C. Conjunctivitis
D. Dacryocystitis - ANSWERD. Dacryocystitis
The swelling of the optic disc with engorged blood vessels is known as:
A. Papilledema
B. Endophthalmitis
C. Optic nerve compression
D. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy - ANSWERA . Papilledema
* Endophthalmitis is a purulent inflammation of the intraocular fluids (vitreous and
aqueous) usually due to infection
* Optic nerve compression occurs when a formation around the brain — such as a
tumor or bony structure — presses on the optic nerve and affects its performance
* Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is a sudden loss of vision due to an
interruption of blood flow to the front (anterior) of the optic nerve
Refractometry - ANSWERThe measurement of the refractive error of an eye
_____ is a major contributing factor in contracting the parasitic organism
Acanthamoeba.
A. Cataract surgery
B. Contact lens wear
C. Eye surgery
D. LASIK surgery - ANSWERB. Contact lens wear
* Acanthamoeba Keratitis is a rare but serious infection of the eye that can result in
permanent visual impairment or blindness
Which of the following is an example of static visual field testing?
A. Zeiss Visual Field
B. Confrontational fields
C. Goldmann
D. Tangent Screen - ANSWERA. Zeiss Visual Field
* A static field of vision test involves illuminating an object that doesn't move in the
patient's field of vision in order to test the vision in this manner
* A kinetic visual field test involves moving an object in and out of a patient's peripheral
vision in order to find the edge of the patient's field of vision
Which of the following is NOT accurate regarding the use of medications to dilate the
pupil?
A. Tropicamide paralyzes the sphincter muscle
B. Atropine has a short duration of action
C. Phenylephrine stimulates the dilator muscle
D. Tropicamide and other cycloplegic agents can be used for pain relief in eyes with
iritis - ANSWERB. Atropine has a short duration of action
(COA) STUDY GUIDE – JCAHPO
CORRECT 100%
When reading add power on the lensometer take the difference between the triple line
target distance reading and the _____.
A. Single line distance reading
B. Triple line bifocal reading
C. Single line bifocal reading
D. Zero point - ANSWERB. Triple line bifocal reading
What is a yellow top on eye drops for?
A. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
B. Prostaglandin analogues
C. Beta-blockers
D. Cycloplegics - ANSWERC. Beta-blockers
* Can also be light blue!
* Used to treat glaucoma; it helps to decrease the production of aqueous humor and
reduce IOP
* Examples:
- Timolol
- Levobunolol
- Betaxolol (light blue top)
The purpose of keratometry is to measure: - ANSWERThe curvature of the anterior
corneal surface
An eye alignment deviation that is not present unless fusion is disrupted is called a:
A. Phoria
B. Tropia
C. Hyper deviation
D. Eso deviation - ANSWERA. Phoria
* Tropia and Phorias are terms to describe when the eyes are not in alignment with
each other
* A tropia is always present, while phorias are there "some of the time," such as when
the patient is tired or when fusion is broken (you cover an eye and it starts to drift).
The endpoint of the Maddox Rod test occurs when:
A. The red dot is superimposed on the light
B. The red line goes through the light
C. The red line disappears
D. The red line is above the light - ANSWERB. The red line goes through the light
,A condition in which blood has settled in the bottom half of the anterior chamber of the
eye is called a:
A. Subconjunctival hemorrhage
B. Pink eye
C. Hyphema
D. Glaucoma - ANSWERC. Hyphema
* A subconjunctival hemorrhage will only involve the white of the eye, not the center,
and will typically have no pain associated with it
* A hyphema will only affect the center of the eye, behind the cornea, and will usually
have pain and additional symptoms associated with it
An outward deviation of the eye(s) is a(n) ____ and an inward deviation of the eye(s) is
called a(n) ______.
A. Esodeviation / Exodeviation
B. Esophoria / Exophoria
C. Exodeviation / Esodeviation
D. Exophoria / Esophoria - ANSWERC. Exodeviation / Esodeviation
* Esotropia means that one eye is deviated inward and is often called crossed eyes
* Exotropia is when one or both eyes look outward, often called wall-eyed
* A tropia is always present, while phorias are there "some of the time".
Kinetic perimetry means that the light stimulus is:
A. Moving from an area of non-seeing to an area of presumed seeing
B. A stimulus that is presented to the patient but not moved
C. A situation in which visual fields are performed without either eye being occluded
D. The stimulus is jiggled slightly so the patient can see it - ANSWERA. Moving from an
area of non-seeing to an area of presumed seeing
* The two most commonly used types of perimetry are Goldmann kinetic perimetry and
threshold static automated perimetry
What is the name of the condition where a fibrovascular growth forms on the
conjunctiva to a portion of the cornea?
A. Pterygium
B. Pinguecula
C. Exteration
D. Entropion - ANSWERA. Pterygium
* A pinguecula is characterized by a yellowish raised growth on the conjunctiva typically
at the nasal or temporal conjunctiva near the edge of cornea
* Pterygium is the triangular shape of vascularized conjunctival tissue on the cornea and
it invades the cornea (known as fibrovascular invasion of the cornea)
Forward displacement of the eye in it's bony socket causing the eye to bulge forward is
termed:
A. Exophthalmos
B. Neoplasia
C. Buphthalmos
,D. Exophasia - ANSWERA. Exophthalmos
* Exophthalmos is a normal-sized globe that is being pushed forward by a space-
occupying lesion in the orbit.
* Buphthalmos is a normally-positioned globe that is enlarged due to elevated
intraocular pressure, i.e., glaucoma
_____ is the distance from the front surface of the cornea to the back side of a lens that
is mounted in a frame and being worn by the patient.
A. Back vertex
B. Lens vertex
C. Vertex distance
D. Front vertex - ANSWERC. Vertex distance
A non-contact lens to examine the macula is:
A. Goniolens
B. Hruby lens
C. Koeppe lens
D. Maddox lens - ANSWERB. Hruby lens
* It is held immediately in front of the cornea and forms a virtual, erect, and minified
image of the retina
* A Koeppe lens allows examination of both the angle and the posterior pole
Which blood vessels have valves?
A. Veins
B. Arteries
C. Capillaries
D. Arterioles - ANSWERA. Veins
What major microbial categories may be associated with eye infections?
A. Bacteria and viruses
B. Fungus
C. Parasites
D. All of the above - ANSWERD. All of the above
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Fungus
- Parasites
With the Rule Astigmatism - ANSWERA condition in which the steepest corneal
meridian is in the vertical plane, an example of keratometer reading for a patient
exhibiting this condition would be:
K's: 42.00 @ 180/45.00 @ 90
Pantoscopic tilt - ANSWERThe angle of an eyeglass lens in relation to the vertical plane
Inflammation of the tear sac associated with faulty tear drainage is:
, A. Trichiasis
B. Blepharitis
C. Conjunctivitis
D. Dacryocystitis - ANSWERD. Dacryocystitis
The swelling of the optic disc with engorged blood vessels is known as:
A. Papilledema
B. Endophthalmitis
C. Optic nerve compression
D. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy - ANSWERA . Papilledema
* Endophthalmitis is a purulent inflammation of the intraocular fluids (vitreous and
aqueous) usually due to infection
* Optic nerve compression occurs when a formation around the brain — such as a
tumor or bony structure — presses on the optic nerve and affects its performance
* Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is a sudden loss of vision due to an
interruption of blood flow to the front (anterior) of the optic nerve
Refractometry - ANSWERThe measurement of the refractive error of an eye
_____ is a major contributing factor in contracting the parasitic organism
Acanthamoeba.
A. Cataract surgery
B. Contact lens wear
C. Eye surgery
D. LASIK surgery - ANSWERB. Contact lens wear
* Acanthamoeba Keratitis is a rare but serious infection of the eye that can result in
permanent visual impairment or blindness
Which of the following is an example of static visual field testing?
A. Zeiss Visual Field
B. Confrontational fields
C. Goldmann
D. Tangent Screen - ANSWERA. Zeiss Visual Field
* A static field of vision test involves illuminating an object that doesn't move in the
patient's field of vision in order to test the vision in this manner
* A kinetic visual field test involves moving an object in and out of a patient's peripheral
vision in order to find the edge of the patient's field of vision
Which of the following is NOT accurate regarding the use of medications to dilate the
pupil?
A. Tropicamide paralyzes the sphincter muscle
B. Atropine has a short duration of action
C. Phenylephrine stimulates the dilator muscle
D. Tropicamide and other cycloplegic agents can be used for pain relief in eyes with
iritis - ANSWERB. Atropine has a short duration of action
