NURS 516
NURS 516 Exam 1 Questions with Correct
Answers Graded A+ 2026
Facilitate delivery of nutrients and clearance of waste
Intravascular volume balance
Tissue Perfusion maintenance
Promote oxygen delivery
Augment cardiac output
Correct/maintain electrolytes
What are primary goals of intraoperative fluid management? (Think FIT-PAC)
60%
Water constitutes what percent of lean body mass in an average adult?
75%
Muscle is consider to be how much water?
10%
Adipose tissue is considered to be how much water?
1/3
The extracellular fluid volume (ECF) constitutes how much of the total body water?
2/3
The intracellular fluid volume (ICF) constitutes how much of the total body water?
Plasma and interstitial fluid
What two things constitute the extracellular fluid volume?
Decreases (due to loss of muscle mass)
Does total body water increase or decrease with age?
Males (tend to have greater muscle mass)
Do males or females tend to have greater total body water?
Less (adipose tissue is hydrophobic)
NURS 516
,NURS 516
Are obese individuals considered to have greater or less total body water?
Potassium
What is the main cation of the intracellular fluid?
Sodium
What is the main cation of the extracellular fluid?
Potassium
What ion is responsible for the normal resting membrane potential?
3 sodium
2 potassium
The normal function of the Sodium-Potassium-ATPase pump is to move ______ ions out
of the cell and _________ ions into the cell?
135-145
What is a normal value range for sodium?
Total body water deficit
-Depleting total body water will concentrate the sodium to water ratio in the ECF due to
loss of water.
What is the major cause of hypernatremia?
Excess total body water/intake
-Excessive amount of water in the plasma will dilute out the sodium concentration
What is the major cause of hyponatremia?
Burns
Vomiting
Diarrhea
In addition to excessive water intake, hyponatremia may be attributed to what? 3 things
Altered mental status, hypotension, tachycardia, cramps, weakness
What are some signs and symptoms associated with hyponatremia?
NURS 516
, NURS 516
Occurs with surgical TURP procedure. Large amount of free water are used as irrigation,
which leads to absorption of that water resulting neurological signs and symptoms
associated with dilution hyponatremia.
What is TURP syndrome? What electrolyte imbalance is it associated with?
3.5-5.0
What is a normal value range for potassium?
potassium
Which ion is largely responsible for maintaining cardiac rhythm?
potassium
Which ion plays a large role in transmission and conduction of nerve impulses?
Renal disease/failure
What is considered to most common cause of hyperkalemia?
Acute situations; Renal patients have chronic elevation of potassium with little to no side
effects.
Do you see the typical signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia more so acutely or
chronically?
Cardiac conduction defects.
The most detrimental effect of hyperkalemia is what?
Peaked T waves
Widening of the QRS
Prolonged P-R interval
Loss of P wave
Loss of R wave amplitude
ST segment depression
Sine wave
V-fib
Asystole
The cardiac conduction effects seen with hyperkalemia occur in what order? 9 steps
Loss of P wave
Widening of the QRS
NURS 516
NURS 516 Exam 1 Questions with Correct
Answers Graded A+ 2026
Facilitate delivery of nutrients and clearance of waste
Intravascular volume balance
Tissue Perfusion maintenance
Promote oxygen delivery
Augment cardiac output
Correct/maintain electrolytes
What are primary goals of intraoperative fluid management? (Think FIT-PAC)
60%
Water constitutes what percent of lean body mass in an average adult?
75%
Muscle is consider to be how much water?
10%
Adipose tissue is considered to be how much water?
1/3
The extracellular fluid volume (ECF) constitutes how much of the total body water?
2/3
The intracellular fluid volume (ICF) constitutes how much of the total body water?
Plasma and interstitial fluid
What two things constitute the extracellular fluid volume?
Decreases (due to loss of muscle mass)
Does total body water increase or decrease with age?
Males (tend to have greater muscle mass)
Do males or females tend to have greater total body water?
Less (adipose tissue is hydrophobic)
NURS 516
,NURS 516
Are obese individuals considered to have greater or less total body water?
Potassium
What is the main cation of the intracellular fluid?
Sodium
What is the main cation of the extracellular fluid?
Potassium
What ion is responsible for the normal resting membrane potential?
3 sodium
2 potassium
The normal function of the Sodium-Potassium-ATPase pump is to move ______ ions out
of the cell and _________ ions into the cell?
135-145
What is a normal value range for sodium?
Total body water deficit
-Depleting total body water will concentrate the sodium to water ratio in the ECF due to
loss of water.
What is the major cause of hypernatremia?
Excess total body water/intake
-Excessive amount of water in the plasma will dilute out the sodium concentration
What is the major cause of hyponatremia?
Burns
Vomiting
Diarrhea
In addition to excessive water intake, hyponatremia may be attributed to what? 3 things
Altered mental status, hypotension, tachycardia, cramps, weakness
What are some signs and symptoms associated with hyponatremia?
NURS 516
, NURS 516
Occurs with surgical TURP procedure. Large amount of free water are used as irrigation,
which leads to absorption of that water resulting neurological signs and symptoms
associated with dilution hyponatremia.
What is TURP syndrome? What electrolyte imbalance is it associated with?
3.5-5.0
What is a normal value range for potassium?
potassium
Which ion is largely responsible for maintaining cardiac rhythm?
potassium
Which ion plays a large role in transmission and conduction of nerve impulses?
Renal disease/failure
What is considered to most common cause of hyperkalemia?
Acute situations; Renal patients have chronic elevation of potassium with little to no side
effects.
Do you see the typical signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia more so acutely or
chronically?
Cardiac conduction defects.
The most detrimental effect of hyperkalemia is what?
Peaked T waves
Widening of the QRS
Prolonged P-R interval
Loss of P wave
Loss of R wave amplitude
ST segment depression
Sine wave
V-fib
Asystole
The cardiac conduction effects seen with hyperkalemia occur in what order? 9 steps
Loss of P wave
Widening of the QRS
NURS 516
