Page | 1
HESI MED-SURG 1 EXAM 2 MATERIAL
2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+
GRADED | WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS
what is the normal plasma pH level? - correct answer-7.35-7.45
what is the normal range of PaCO2? - correct answer-35-45
what is the normal range of HCO3-? - correct answer-22-26
A patient has a pH of 7.31, PaCO2 of 36, HCO3- of 18. The
patient has an increased respiratory rate and depth (Kussmaul's
respirations), confused, and decreased blood pressure. What
condition does this patient have? - correct answer-metabolic
acidosis
what lab levels should we assess with a patient with metabolic
acidosis? - correct answer-potassium; hypokalemia may occur
, Page | 2
A patient has a pH of 7.51, PaCO2 of 36, HCO3- of 35. The
patient has been vomiting for 3 days straight and their lab levels
show a decreased calcium and potassium. What condition does
this patient have? - correct answer-metabolic alkalosis
A patient has a pH of 7.21, PaCO2 of 49, HCO3- of 22. The
patient is hypo-ventilating and tachycardia. What condition does
this patient have? - correct answer-respiratory acidosis
how can we treat respiratory acidosis? - correct answer-
administer O2/ fix hypo-ventilation
A patient has a pH of 7.62, PaCO2 of 21, HCO3- of 24. The
patient is hyperventilating and their fingers are numb and tingling.
What condition does this patient have? - correct answer-
respiratory alkalosis
to treat respiratory alkalosis, what should we do? - correct
answer-FIX the hyperventilation
, Page | 3
what tool is used to measure the pressure inside of the eye? -
correct answer-tonometry
what are some nursing interventions for a patient who is receiving
an angiography? - correct answer-check the BUN and creatinine
and ask if they have an iodine reaction/ allergy (this could be
contraindicated in the green dye)
what are the 3 most common cause of blindness in 40+? - correct
answer-diabetic retinopathy, MD, and glaucoma/ cataracts
if a patient can see up close, but not far away, they are
considered to have... - correct answer-myopia
if a patient can see far away, but not up close, they are
considered to have... - correct answer-hyperopia
T/F: subconjunctival injection increases absorption - correct
answer-true!
, Page | 4
what ocular medication ends in ~caine and is used for severe eye
pain and to decrease discomfort? - correct answer-topical
anesthetic agents
what ocular medication is used to dilate the pupil by paralyzing
the iris sphincter and relaxing the ciliary body? A glare or inability
to focus may occur and last several days. - correct answer-
mydriatric and cycloplegia agents
in patients taking mydriatric and cycloplegia agents, what might
be contraindicated? - correct answer-narrow angles, shallow
anterior chambers, and medications like TCA's and MAOI's
which anti-infective ocular medication is used to treat infections,
but may cause the patient to have side effects like severe pain,
iritis, or retinal toxicity? - correct answer-amphotericin B
which corticosteroid ocular medications are used to treat
inflammatory conditions of the eye, but may result in poor wound
healing or glaucoma? - correct answer-lotemox, ocumox
HESI MED-SURG 1 EXAM 2 MATERIAL
2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+
GRADED | WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS
what is the normal plasma pH level? - correct answer-7.35-7.45
what is the normal range of PaCO2? - correct answer-35-45
what is the normal range of HCO3-? - correct answer-22-26
A patient has a pH of 7.31, PaCO2 of 36, HCO3- of 18. The
patient has an increased respiratory rate and depth (Kussmaul's
respirations), confused, and decreased blood pressure. What
condition does this patient have? - correct answer-metabolic
acidosis
what lab levels should we assess with a patient with metabolic
acidosis? - correct answer-potassium; hypokalemia may occur
, Page | 2
A patient has a pH of 7.51, PaCO2 of 36, HCO3- of 35. The
patient has been vomiting for 3 days straight and their lab levels
show a decreased calcium and potassium. What condition does
this patient have? - correct answer-metabolic alkalosis
A patient has a pH of 7.21, PaCO2 of 49, HCO3- of 22. The
patient is hypo-ventilating and tachycardia. What condition does
this patient have? - correct answer-respiratory acidosis
how can we treat respiratory acidosis? - correct answer-
administer O2/ fix hypo-ventilation
A patient has a pH of 7.62, PaCO2 of 21, HCO3- of 24. The
patient is hyperventilating and their fingers are numb and tingling.
What condition does this patient have? - correct answer-
respiratory alkalosis
to treat respiratory alkalosis, what should we do? - correct
answer-FIX the hyperventilation
, Page | 3
what tool is used to measure the pressure inside of the eye? -
correct answer-tonometry
what are some nursing interventions for a patient who is receiving
an angiography? - correct answer-check the BUN and creatinine
and ask if they have an iodine reaction/ allergy (this could be
contraindicated in the green dye)
what are the 3 most common cause of blindness in 40+? - correct
answer-diabetic retinopathy, MD, and glaucoma/ cataracts
if a patient can see up close, but not far away, they are
considered to have... - correct answer-myopia
if a patient can see far away, but not up close, they are
considered to have... - correct answer-hyperopia
T/F: subconjunctival injection increases absorption - correct
answer-true!
, Page | 4
what ocular medication ends in ~caine and is used for severe eye
pain and to decrease discomfort? - correct answer-topical
anesthetic agents
what ocular medication is used to dilate the pupil by paralyzing
the iris sphincter and relaxing the ciliary body? A glare or inability
to focus may occur and last several days. - correct answer-
mydriatric and cycloplegia agents
in patients taking mydriatric and cycloplegia agents, what might
be contraindicated? - correct answer-narrow angles, shallow
anterior chambers, and medications like TCA's and MAOI's
which anti-infective ocular medication is used to treat infections,
but may cause the patient to have side effects like severe pain,
iritis, or retinal toxicity? - correct answer-amphotericin B
which corticosteroid ocular medications are used to treat
inflammatory conditions of the eye, but may result in poor wound
healing or glaucoma? - correct answer-lotemox, ocumox
