BS 161 Exam 2 Study Questions
with Detailed Answers Already
Graded A+
1. Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells - ANSWER Prokaryotes lack membrane-
bound organelles; eukaryotes contain nucleus and organelles
2. Energetically Favorable vs Unfavorable - ANSWER Favorable processes
release free energy while unfavorable require energy input
3. ATP Coupling - ANSWER ATP hydrolysis provides energy to drive
unfavorable cellular reactions
4. Enzyme Role - ANSWER Enzymes speed favorable reactions by lowering
activation energy and increasing specificity
5. Selective Permeability of Membranes - ANSWER Small nonpolar
molecules diffuse freely while charged or large molecules require proteins
6. Transport Type Prediction - ANSWER Based on polarity and gradient;
passive for down gradients, active for movement against gradients
7. Refer to Animation: Endomembrane System. Most elements of the
endomembrane system are connected by:
,continuous membranes.
cytoskeleton.
vesicular trafficking. - ANSWER c
8. Refer to Animation: Endomembrane System. Consider a protein that is
targeted to be released from the cell (secreted). Where would this protein be
located in the endoplasmic reticulum?
a. in the lumen (inside) of the E.R.
b. embedded as an integral membrane protein in the E.R. membrane
c. outside the E.R. as a peripheral membrane protein - ANSWER a
15.which stages of cellular respiration produce CO2 as a waste product -
ANSWER pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle
16.what is the net product of glycolysis - ANSWER 2 pyruvate
17.T/F: Pyruvate oxidation produces a large amount of ATP through substrate-
level phosphorylation - ANSWER false
18.which stage of cellular respiration occurs following production of pyruvate -
ANSWER pyruvate oxidation
19.what happens when glucose is phosphorylated during phase 1 of glycolysis -
ANSWER glucose is destabilized so it can be broken apart in phase 2
20.Refer to Simulation: Passive Transport. The small red dots in the simulation
could represent which of the answer choices?
,glucose
Na+
Cl-
O2 - ANSWER d
21.Refer to Simulation: Passive Transport. If a molecule can freely cross the
membrane, then at equilibrium there will be no further movement of
molecules across the membrane.
true
false - ANSWER b
22.Refer to Simulation: Passive Transport. To move a specific molecule across
a membrane, carrier proteins:
require that different molecules move in the opposite direction from the
molecule specific to the carrier.
require that the molecule specific to the carrier bind and cause a change in
conformation.
require a steep concentration gradient of the molecule across the membrane.
require an input of energy to achieve the change in conformation necessary to
facilitate movement across the membrane. - ANSWER b
23.Refer to Animation: Endomembrane System. Which of the answer choices is
NOT considered to be a part of the endomembrane system?
Golgi
mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum
lysosome
, plasma membrane - ANSWER b
24.Membrane Lipid Structure - ANSWER Amphipathic lipids with
hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads spontaneously form bilayers
25.Membrane Fluidity Changes - ANSWER Fluidity decreases with saturated
fatty acids or lower temperature and increases with unsaturated fatty acids or
higher temperature
26.Molecule Disruption of Membranes - ANSWER Nonpolar or amphipathic
molecules can insert into membranes and destabilize lipid packing
27.Cellular Compartments - ANSWER Organelles provide specialized
environments for specific reactions
28.Advantages of Compartmentalization - ANSWER Increases efficiency by
separating incompatible reactions and localizing specific processes
29.Refer to Animation: Endomembrane System. Consider a protein that is
targeted to be released from the cell (secreted). Where would this protein be
located in the Golgi?
embedded as an integral membrane protein in the Golgi membrane
in the lumen (inside) of the Golgi
outside the Golgi as a peripheral membrane protein - ANSWER b
Which protein would be synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and
processed in the Golgi apparatus?
with Detailed Answers Already
Graded A+
1. Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells - ANSWER Prokaryotes lack membrane-
bound organelles; eukaryotes contain nucleus and organelles
2. Energetically Favorable vs Unfavorable - ANSWER Favorable processes
release free energy while unfavorable require energy input
3. ATP Coupling - ANSWER ATP hydrolysis provides energy to drive
unfavorable cellular reactions
4. Enzyme Role - ANSWER Enzymes speed favorable reactions by lowering
activation energy and increasing specificity
5. Selective Permeability of Membranes - ANSWER Small nonpolar
molecules diffuse freely while charged or large molecules require proteins
6. Transport Type Prediction - ANSWER Based on polarity and gradient;
passive for down gradients, active for movement against gradients
7. Refer to Animation: Endomembrane System. Most elements of the
endomembrane system are connected by:
,continuous membranes.
cytoskeleton.
vesicular trafficking. - ANSWER c
8. Refer to Animation: Endomembrane System. Consider a protein that is
targeted to be released from the cell (secreted). Where would this protein be
located in the endoplasmic reticulum?
a. in the lumen (inside) of the E.R.
b. embedded as an integral membrane protein in the E.R. membrane
c. outside the E.R. as a peripheral membrane protein - ANSWER a
15.which stages of cellular respiration produce CO2 as a waste product -
ANSWER pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle
16.what is the net product of glycolysis - ANSWER 2 pyruvate
17.T/F: Pyruvate oxidation produces a large amount of ATP through substrate-
level phosphorylation - ANSWER false
18.which stage of cellular respiration occurs following production of pyruvate -
ANSWER pyruvate oxidation
19.what happens when glucose is phosphorylated during phase 1 of glycolysis -
ANSWER glucose is destabilized so it can be broken apart in phase 2
20.Refer to Simulation: Passive Transport. The small red dots in the simulation
could represent which of the answer choices?
,glucose
Na+
Cl-
O2 - ANSWER d
21.Refer to Simulation: Passive Transport. If a molecule can freely cross the
membrane, then at equilibrium there will be no further movement of
molecules across the membrane.
true
false - ANSWER b
22.Refer to Simulation: Passive Transport. To move a specific molecule across
a membrane, carrier proteins:
require that different molecules move in the opposite direction from the
molecule specific to the carrier.
require that the molecule specific to the carrier bind and cause a change in
conformation.
require a steep concentration gradient of the molecule across the membrane.
require an input of energy to achieve the change in conformation necessary to
facilitate movement across the membrane. - ANSWER b
23.Refer to Animation: Endomembrane System. Which of the answer choices is
NOT considered to be a part of the endomembrane system?
Golgi
mitochondria
endoplasmic reticulum
lysosome
, plasma membrane - ANSWER b
24.Membrane Lipid Structure - ANSWER Amphipathic lipids with
hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads spontaneously form bilayers
25.Membrane Fluidity Changes - ANSWER Fluidity decreases with saturated
fatty acids or lower temperature and increases with unsaturated fatty acids or
higher temperature
26.Molecule Disruption of Membranes - ANSWER Nonpolar or amphipathic
molecules can insert into membranes and destabilize lipid packing
27.Cellular Compartments - ANSWER Organelles provide specialized
environments for specific reactions
28.Advantages of Compartmentalization - ANSWER Increases efficiency by
separating incompatible reactions and localizing specific processes
29.Refer to Animation: Endomembrane System. Consider a protein that is
targeted to be released from the cell (secreted). Where would this protein be
located in the Golgi?
embedded as an integral membrane protein in the Golgi membrane
in the lumen (inside) of the Golgi
outside the Golgi as a peripheral membrane protein - ANSWER b
Which protein would be synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and
processed in the Golgi apparatus?
