Advanced Pathophysiology (WGU D115
OA) 2026: Authentic Questions with
Detailed Answers and Practice Exam Test
Bank|| GRADED A+|| LATEST UPDATE
WITH GUARANTEED PASS
Which type of genetic disease affects males more frequently than females? -
CORRECTANSWER Sex-Linked recessive. Since males only have one X and one Y, if
the affected chromosome has the illness, it will be expressed.
In which two conditions are chromosomal abnormalities the leading known cause? -
CORRECTANSWER Intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage. Chromosome
abnormalities are the leading known cause of intellectual disability and fetal
miscarriage.
What are three examples of prenatal diagnostic studies? -CORRECTANSWER
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, and preimplantation genetic testing
(PGT) are examples of prenatal diagnostic studies and are performed in vitro. CVS is a
form of genetic testing that provides genetic information found in utero and is usually
performed between weeks 11 and 14 of pregnancy. An amniocentesis is a form of
genetic testing that evaluates amniotic fluid and is usually performed during the second
trimester, between weeks 15 and 20 of pregnancy. PGT is performed on the embryo
prior to implantation.
,Which genetic disorder is characterized by the presence of a zygote having one
chromosome with a normal complement of genes and one chromosome with a missing
gene? -CORRECTANSWER Cri du chat syndrome (translated as "cry of the cat") is
caused by a DNA deletion. This term describes the cry often heard from a baby affected
by the syndrome. Cri du chat syndrome can present as a microcephalic, low birth-
weight baby with a piercing cry.
How can an X-linked recessive disease skip generations? -CORRECTANSWER The
disease can be transmitted through female carriers.
Since females have two copies of the X chromosome, the mother may provide an
unaffected X to a daughter or son. Furthermore, a daughter may not show signs of the
disease because she has the other X (the only X the father can give to a female) to
cancel it out.
Which type of risk is referred to as the ratio of the disease rate among the entire
population to the disease rate in an unexposed population? -CORRECTANSWER
Relative risk is a ratio of probability, not an actual occurrence of disease.
What are the empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases based on? -
CORRECTANSWER Many factors from lifestyle to genetics affect multifactorial
,diseases. Observation and evaluation of each case individually provides the most
thorough and accurate assessment.
What refers to the silenced gene of a gene pair. -CORRECTANSWER The imprinted
gene is the silent gene of a gene pair.
What is the primary reason that some older adults have impaired inflammation and
wound healing? -CORRECTANSWER The underlying chronic illness exists.
A generalized inflammatory response seen in chronic illness depletes the body's
reserves to fight against illness.
Which cells are the body's primary defense against parasite invasion? -
CORRECTANSWER Eosinophils are the body's primary defense against parasites.
What Phagocytes bacteria? -CORRECTANSWER Macrophages work by eating or
phagocytosing bacteria.
What is the first response to a foreign pathogen? -CORRECTANSWER Helper T cells
Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when
considering the antigen? -CORRECTANSWER Immunogenicity is primarily based on
the ability to recognize something foreign.
, How are erythrocytes destroyed when mismatched blood is administered, causing an
ABO incompatibility? -CORRECTANSWER The complement pathway is activated in
response to blood incompatibility.
What is the hypersensitivity reaction that causes atopic dermatitis? -
CORRECTANSWER An immediate (type I) hypersensitivity reaction causes atopic
dermatitis.
Which four infections are considered fungal infections? -CORRECTANSWER Infection
with a fungus is called mycosis and includes dermatophytes (e.g., tineas, which refers
to several skin mycoses, including ringworm and athlete's foot) and yeasts, which
include candida and aspergillus.
When is the earliest after sexual transmission of HIV that lab results can detect
infection? -CORRECTANSWER Lab testing can detect HIV RNA 4 to 10 days after
sexual transmission, whereas HIV antibody testing may take 23 to 90 days to result in a
positive test. Repeat testing may be needed to rule out a false negative test due to
testing too soon after exposure, especially if a high likelihood of exposure is suspected.
What is a characteristic of exotoxins? -CORRECTANSWER Exotoxins are released
during bacterial growth.
OA) 2026: Authentic Questions with
Detailed Answers and Practice Exam Test
Bank|| GRADED A+|| LATEST UPDATE
WITH GUARANTEED PASS
Which type of genetic disease affects males more frequently than females? -
CORRECTANSWER Sex-Linked recessive. Since males only have one X and one Y, if
the affected chromosome has the illness, it will be expressed.
In which two conditions are chromosomal abnormalities the leading known cause? -
CORRECTANSWER Intellectual disability and fetal miscarriage. Chromosome
abnormalities are the leading known cause of intellectual disability and fetal
miscarriage.
What are three examples of prenatal diagnostic studies? -CORRECTANSWER
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), amniocentesis, and preimplantation genetic testing
(PGT) are examples of prenatal diagnostic studies and are performed in vitro. CVS is a
form of genetic testing that provides genetic information found in utero and is usually
performed between weeks 11 and 14 of pregnancy. An amniocentesis is a form of
genetic testing that evaluates amniotic fluid and is usually performed during the second
trimester, between weeks 15 and 20 of pregnancy. PGT is performed on the embryo
prior to implantation.
,Which genetic disorder is characterized by the presence of a zygote having one
chromosome with a normal complement of genes and one chromosome with a missing
gene? -CORRECTANSWER Cri du chat syndrome (translated as "cry of the cat") is
caused by a DNA deletion. This term describes the cry often heard from a baby affected
by the syndrome. Cri du chat syndrome can present as a microcephalic, low birth-
weight baby with a piercing cry.
How can an X-linked recessive disease skip generations? -CORRECTANSWER The
disease can be transmitted through female carriers.
Since females have two copies of the X chromosome, the mother may provide an
unaffected X to a daughter or son. Furthermore, a daughter may not show signs of the
disease because she has the other X (the only X the father can give to a female) to
cancel it out.
Which type of risk is referred to as the ratio of the disease rate among the entire
population to the disease rate in an unexposed population? -CORRECTANSWER
Relative risk is a ratio of probability, not an actual occurrence of disease.
What are the empirical risks for most multifactorial diseases based on? -
CORRECTANSWER Many factors from lifestyle to genetics affect multifactorial
,diseases. Observation and evaluation of each case individually provides the most
thorough and accurate assessment.
What refers to the silenced gene of a gene pair. -CORRECTANSWER The imprinted
gene is the silent gene of a gene pair.
What is the primary reason that some older adults have impaired inflammation and
wound healing? -CORRECTANSWER The underlying chronic illness exists.
A generalized inflammatory response seen in chronic illness depletes the body's
reserves to fight against illness.
Which cells are the body's primary defense against parasite invasion? -
CORRECTANSWER Eosinophils are the body's primary defense against parasites.
What Phagocytes bacteria? -CORRECTANSWER Macrophages work by eating or
phagocytosing bacteria.
What is the first response to a foreign pathogen? -CORRECTANSWER Helper T cells
Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when
considering the antigen? -CORRECTANSWER Immunogenicity is primarily based on
the ability to recognize something foreign.
, How are erythrocytes destroyed when mismatched blood is administered, causing an
ABO incompatibility? -CORRECTANSWER The complement pathway is activated in
response to blood incompatibility.
What is the hypersensitivity reaction that causes atopic dermatitis? -
CORRECTANSWER An immediate (type I) hypersensitivity reaction causes atopic
dermatitis.
Which four infections are considered fungal infections? -CORRECTANSWER Infection
with a fungus is called mycosis and includes dermatophytes (e.g., tineas, which refers
to several skin mycoses, including ringworm and athlete's foot) and yeasts, which
include candida and aspergillus.
When is the earliest after sexual transmission of HIV that lab results can detect
infection? -CORRECTANSWER Lab testing can detect HIV RNA 4 to 10 days after
sexual transmission, whereas HIV antibody testing may take 23 to 90 days to result in a
positive test. Repeat testing may be needed to rule out a false negative test due to
testing too soon after exposure, especially if a high likelihood of exposure is suspected.
What is a characteristic of exotoxins? -CORRECTANSWER Exotoxins are released
during bacterial growth.
