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The Federal Privacy Act of 1974
This act safeguards privacy through the establishment of procedural and
substantive rights in personal data
privacy rights
Rights relating to the protection of an individual's personal information
PII (Personally Identifiable Information)
Information that can be used to identify an individual, and should be
protected as sensitive data and monitored for compliance
cryptography
the science of keeping information secure
,Cryptanalysis
The science of breaking through the encryption used to create ciphertext
cryptology
The overarching field of study that covers cryptography and
cryptanalysis
cryptographic algorithm (cipher)
The specifics of the process used to encrypt plaintext or decrypt
ciphertext
plaintext (cleartext)
unencrypted data
ciphertext
encrypted data
Caesar cipher
an ancient cryptographic technique based on transposition; involves
shifting
each letter of a plaintext message by a certain number of letters
(historically 3)
, ROT13 cipher
a more recent cipher that uses the same mechanism as the Caesar cipher
but moves each letter 13 places forward
symmetric key cryptography (private key cryptography)
uses a single key for both encryption of the plaintext and decryption of
the ciphertext
block cipher
A type of cipher that takes a predetermined number of bits in the
plaintext message (commonly 64 bits) and encrypts that block
stream cipher
A type of cipher that encrypts each bit in the plaintext message, 1 bit at a
time
AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)
A set of symmetric block ciphers endorsed by the US government
through NIST. Shares the same block modes that DES uses and also
includes other modes such as XEX-based Tweaked CodeBook (TCB)
mode
asymmetric key cryptography (public key cryptography)
this method uses 2 keys, a public key and a private key