Ackley: Nursing Diagnosis Handbook, 12th Edition Revised Reprint with
2021-2023 NANDA-I® Updates
Lecture Notes
Problem-Based Learning/Critical Thinking
Case Study—Restless Leg Syndrome
Case Scenario
Abdul Malek is a 21-year-old college student. He attends the local state university and is a junior
studying graphic design. Three weeks into his fall semester, Abdul’s professors notice that he is
falling asleep in class and often looks restless. Abdul taps his foot and squirms around in his seat.
Abdul, who is usually an excellent student, has failed his first test in his Graphic Design II course.
His professor asks him to see his advisor because the fear is that Abdul has become chemically
impaired. His advisor sends Abdul to the student health services and his case is reviewed by the
nurse.
Nursing Assessment
Abdul is a well-developed 22-year-old male with a BMI of 20. His vital signs are blood pressure
104/78; temperature 98.4°F; heart rate—64 beats per minute; respiratory rate—16 breaths per
minute. A nutritional history confirms a well-balanced diet with the exclusion of pork products.
Abdul had been working out every day at the University gym but reports that he is currently ―too
tired‖ to do so. Abdul denies drug or alcohol use and this is confirmed by serum analysis. Abdul
complains about sleeping poorly and feeling as if, ―I am moving all night.‖ He states that he often
wakes up his dorm mate and feels bad about that. The nurse reclines Abdul on the examination
table and checks his deep tendon reflexes (DTRs) which are all 2+. The nurse asks Abdul to relax
and dims the lights while she consults with the primary care practitioner. While the nurse is out of
the examination room Abdul dozes, and when the nurse returns, the nurse observes Abdul’s right
leg jerking several times before she arouses him.
A. ASSESS
1. Identify significant symptoms by underlining them in the assessment.
2. List those symptoms that indicate the client has a health problem (those you have underlined).
• falling asleep in class
• often looks restless
• taps his foot
• squirms around in his seat
• failed his first test
• ―too tired‖
Copyright © 2022, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
,Case Study Answers 2
• complains about sleeping poorly
• ―I am moving all night‖
• often wakes up
• dozes
• right leg jerking several times
3. Group the symptoms that are similar.
• falling asleep in class
• often looks restless
• taps his foot
• squirms around in his seat
• failed his first test
• complains about sleeping poorly
• dozes
• ―too tired‖
• ―I am moving all night‖
• often wakes up
• right leg jerking several times
• DIAGNOSE
4. Select possible nursing diagnoses for this client.
Do this by looking at the list of nursing diagnoses in, the book, Ackley/Ladwig Nursing Diagnosis
Handbook: An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning Care or by accessing the care plan constructor
at the EVOLVE SITE and viewing nursing diagnoses listed there.
Possible nursing diagnoses:
Sleep deprivation
Disturbed sleep pattern
Fatigue
Ineffective coping
Stress overload
2. Validate the possible nursing diagnoses.
Compare the signs and symptoms (defining characteristics) that you have identified from your
client assessment with the defining characteristics for the nursing diagnosis that you have selected.
Also read the definition and determine if this diagnosis fits this client.
Validated nursing diagnoses include:
Copyright © 2022, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
,Case Study Answers 3
(You can copy and paste the information from the EVOLVE SITE in the areas below.)
Sleep deprivation
3. Write/select a nursing diagnostic statement for one of the nursing diagnoses by combining the
nursing diagnosis label with the related to (r/t) factors.
a. The label is the title of the nursing diagnosis as defined by NANDA-I.
b. A related to (r/t) statement describes factors that may be contributing to or causing the problem
that resulted in the nursing diagnosis.
NANDA-I label: Sleep
deprivationxDefinition
Prolongedxperiodsxofxtimexwithoutxsustainedxnatural,xperiodicxsuspensionxofxrelativexconsciousness
thatxprovidesxrest.
Definingxcharacteristics
Alteredxattention,xanxiety,xapathy,xcombativeness,xconfusion,xdecreasexinxfunctionalxability,xdro
wsiness,xexpressesxdistress,xfatigue,xfleetingxnystagmus,xhallucinations,xheightenedxsensitivityxto
xpain,xirritablexmood,xlethargy,xprolongedxreactionxtime,xpsychomotorxagitation,xtransientxparan
oia,xtremors.
Relatedxfactorsx(r/t):xAge-
relatedxsleepxstagexshifts,xaveragexdailyxphysicalxactivityxisxlessxthanxrecommendedxforxgende
rxandxage,xenvironmentalxdisturbances,xenvironmentalxoverstimulation,xnon-restorativexsleep-
wakexcycle,xsleepxterror,xsleepxwalking,xsustainedxcircadianxasynchrony,xsustainedxinadequat
exsleepxhygiene.
Thexcompletexnursingxdiagnosticxstatementxis:
Sleepxdeprivationxr/txconditionsxwithxperiodicxlimbxmovement
Copyright © 2022, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
, Case Study Answers 4
C. PLAN
1. SelectxappropriatexNOCxoutcomexfromxAckley/LadwigxtextxorxfromxthexEVOLVExCarexPl
anxconstructor.
NOCxoutcome:xsleep
FillxoutxthexgridxwithxNOCxindicatorsxandxthexappropriatexLikertxscale.
SelectxthexappropriatexpointxonxthexLikertxscalextoxmeasurexthexclient’sxcurrentxstatus.
INDICATOR 1x= 2x= 3x= 4x=xMildlyx 5x=xNotxco
Severelyxc Substantiallx Moderatelyx compromise mpromisexd
ompromisx yxcompromi compromise xd
ed sexd xd
Hoursxof 1* 2 3 4 5
sleep
Sleepxpattern 1* 2 3 4 5
Sleepxquality 1* 2 3 4 5
Sleep 1* 2 3 4 5
efficiency
Feels 1* 2 3 4 5
rejuvenatedxaf
terxsleep
Sleepsxthro 1* 2 3 4 5
ughxthexnig
ht
consistently
2. Orxwritexoutcomesxtoxhelpxresolvexthexsymptomsx(definingxcharacteristics).xReferxtoxSectionx
IIIxofxthexAckley/LadwigxtextxforxthexnursingxdiagnosisxcarexplanxorxthexEVOLVExCarexPl
anxconstructor.
Copyright © 2022, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
2021-2023 NANDA-I® Updates
Lecture Notes
Problem-Based Learning/Critical Thinking
Case Study—Restless Leg Syndrome
Case Scenario
Abdul Malek is a 21-year-old college student. He attends the local state university and is a junior
studying graphic design. Three weeks into his fall semester, Abdul’s professors notice that he is
falling asleep in class and often looks restless. Abdul taps his foot and squirms around in his seat.
Abdul, who is usually an excellent student, has failed his first test in his Graphic Design II course.
His professor asks him to see his advisor because the fear is that Abdul has become chemically
impaired. His advisor sends Abdul to the student health services and his case is reviewed by the
nurse.
Nursing Assessment
Abdul is a well-developed 22-year-old male with a BMI of 20. His vital signs are blood pressure
104/78; temperature 98.4°F; heart rate—64 beats per minute; respiratory rate—16 breaths per
minute. A nutritional history confirms a well-balanced diet with the exclusion of pork products.
Abdul had been working out every day at the University gym but reports that he is currently ―too
tired‖ to do so. Abdul denies drug or alcohol use and this is confirmed by serum analysis. Abdul
complains about sleeping poorly and feeling as if, ―I am moving all night.‖ He states that he often
wakes up his dorm mate and feels bad about that. The nurse reclines Abdul on the examination
table and checks his deep tendon reflexes (DTRs) which are all 2+. The nurse asks Abdul to relax
and dims the lights while she consults with the primary care practitioner. While the nurse is out of
the examination room Abdul dozes, and when the nurse returns, the nurse observes Abdul’s right
leg jerking several times before she arouses him.
A. ASSESS
1. Identify significant symptoms by underlining them in the assessment.
2. List those symptoms that indicate the client has a health problem (those you have underlined).
• falling asleep in class
• often looks restless
• taps his foot
• squirms around in his seat
• failed his first test
• ―too tired‖
Copyright © 2022, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
,Case Study Answers 2
• complains about sleeping poorly
• ―I am moving all night‖
• often wakes up
• dozes
• right leg jerking several times
3. Group the symptoms that are similar.
• falling asleep in class
• often looks restless
• taps his foot
• squirms around in his seat
• failed his first test
• complains about sleeping poorly
• dozes
• ―too tired‖
• ―I am moving all night‖
• often wakes up
• right leg jerking several times
• DIAGNOSE
4. Select possible nursing diagnoses for this client.
Do this by looking at the list of nursing diagnoses in, the book, Ackley/Ladwig Nursing Diagnosis
Handbook: An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning Care or by accessing the care plan constructor
at the EVOLVE SITE and viewing nursing diagnoses listed there.
Possible nursing diagnoses:
Sleep deprivation
Disturbed sleep pattern
Fatigue
Ineffective coping
Stress overload
2. Validate the possible nursing diagnoses.
Compare the signs and symptoms (defining characteristics) that you have identified from your
client assessment with the defining characteristics for the nursing diagnosis that you have selected.
Also read the definition and determine if this diagnosis fits this client.
Validated nursing diagnoses include:
Copyright © 2022, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
,Case Study Answers 3
(You can copy and paste the information from the EVOLVE SITE in the areas below.)
Sleep deprivation
3. Write/select a nursing diagnostic statement for one of the nursing diagnoses by combining the
nursing diagnosis label with the related to (r/t) factors.
a. The label is the title of the nursing diagnosis as defined by NANDA-I.
b. A related to (r/t) statement describes factors that may be contributing to or causing the problem
that resulted in the nursing diagnosis.
NANDA-I label: Sleep
deprivationxDefinition
Prolongedxperiodsxofxtimexwithoutxsustainedxnatural,xperiodicxsuspensionxofxrelativexconsciousness
thatxprovidesxrest.
Definingxcharacteristics
Alteredxattention,xanxiety,xapathy,xcombativeness,xconfusion,xdecreasexinxfunctionalxability,xdro
wsiness,xexpressesxdistress,xfatigue,xfleetingxnystagmus,xhallucinations,xheightenedxsensitivityxto
xpain,xirritablexmood,xlethargy,xprolongedxreactionxtime,xpsychomotorxagitation,xtransientxparan
oia,xtremors.
Relatedxfactorsx(r/t):xAge-
relatedxsleepxstagexshifts,xaveragexdailyxphysicalxactivityxisxlessxthanxrecommendedxforxgende
rxandxage,xenvironmentalxdisturbances,xenvironmentalxoverstimulation,xnon-restorativexsleep-
wakexcycle,xsleepxterror,xsleepxwalking,xsustainedxcircadianxasynchrony,xsustainedxinadequat
exsleepxhygiene.
Thexcompletexnursingxdiagnosticxstatementxis:
Sleepxdeprivationxr/txconditionsxwithxperiodicxlimbxmovement
Copyright © 2022, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
, Case Study Answers 4
C. PLAN
1. SelectxappropriatexNOCxoutcomexfromxAckley/LadwigxtextxorxfromxthexEVOLVExCarexPl
anxconstructor.
NOCxoutcome:xsleep
FillxoutxthexgridxwithxNOCxindicatorsxandxthexappropriatexLikertxscale.
SelectxthexappropriatexpointxonxthexLikertxscalextoxmeasurexthexclient’sxcurrentxstatus.
INDICATOR 1x= 2x= 3x= 4x=xMildlyx 5x=xNotxco
Severelyxc Substantiallx Moderatelyx compromise mpromisexd
ompromisx yxcompromi compromise xd
ed sexd xd
Hoursxof 1* 2 3 4 5
sleep
Sleepxpattern 1* 2 3 4 5
Sleepxquality 1* 2 3 4 5
Sleep 1* 2 3 4 5
efficiency
Feels 1* 2 3 4 5
rejuvenatedxaf
terxsleep
Sleepsxthro 1* 2 3 4 5
ughxthexnig
ht
consistently
2. Orxwritexoutcomesxtoxhelpxresolvexthexsymptomsx(definingxcharacteristics).xReferxtoxSectionx
IIIxofxthexAckley/LadwigxtextxforxthexnursingxdiagnosisxcarexplanxorxthexEVOLVExCarexPl
anxconstructor.
Copyright © 2022, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
