IRM1501
Assignment 1
Semester 1
Due 20 March 2026
, Generic Steps in the Empirical Research Process
Empirical research refers to a systematic and structured process used to investigate
real-world problems through observation, measurement and evidence. The process
follows a sequence of interconnected steps that guide researchers from identifying a
research problem to reporting and interpreting findings. Each step builds on the
previous one to ensure the study remains logical, valid and reliable. The generic steps
in the empirical research process are discussed below.
1. Identification of the Research Problem
The empirical research process begins with identifying a research problem. This step
involves recognising a gap in knowledge, a social issue or a practical problem that
requires investigation. A clearly defined research problem provides direction and focus
for the study. Researchers usually identify problems through observations, professional
experience, previous studies or societal needs.
The research problem must be clear, specific and researchable. It often leads to the
formulation of research questions or objectives that guide the entire study. Without a
well-defined problem, the research may lack focus and produce unreliable or irrelevant
findings.
For example, a researcher may observe that many university students struggle with
online learning. The research problem could therefore focus on investigating factors
influencing student performance in online learning environments. This step logically
connects to the next stage because once a problem is identified, the researcher needs
to explore existing knowledge about the topic.
2. Review of Related Literature
The second step involves reviewing existing literature related to the research problem.
The literature review helps researchers understand what has already been studied,
identify gaps in knowledge and refine their research questions. It also helps to avoid
duplication of previous studies and provides a theoretical foundation for the research.
Assignment 1
Semester 1
Due 20 March 2026
, Generic Steps in the Empirical Research Process
Empirical research refers to a systematic and structured process used to investigate
real-world problems through observation, measurement and evidence. The process
follows a sequence of interconnected steps that guide researchers from identifying a
research problem to reporting and interpreting findings. Each step builds on the
previous one to ensure the study remains logical, valid and reliable. The generic steps
in the empirical research process are discussed below.
1. Identification of the Research Problem
The empirical research process begins with identifying a research problem. This step
involves recognising a gap in knowledge, a social issue or a practical problem that
requires investigation. A clearly defined research problem provides direction and focus
for the study. Researchers usually identify problems through observations, professional
experience, previous studies or societal needs.
The research problem must be clear, specific and researchable. It often leads to the
formulation of research questions or objectives that guide the entire study. Without a
well-defined problem, the research may lack focus and produce unreliable or irrelevant
findings.
For example, a researcher may observe that many university students struggle with
online learning. The research problem could therefore focus on investigating factors
influencing student performance in online learning environments. This step logically
connects to the next stage because once a problem is identified, the researcher needs
to explore existing knowledge about the topic.
2. Review of Related Literature
The second step involves reviewing existing literature related to the research problem.
The literature review helps researchers understand what has already been studied,
identify gaps in knowledge and refine their research questions. It also helps to avoid
duplication of previous studies and provides a theoretical foundation for the research.
