Biology 224 – Midterm Questions With Complete Solutions
"Golgi Tendon Organ" Correct Answers Detection in the
muscle of tendon
(most) Invertebrates have: Correct Answers -non-mylinated
axons
-Continuous conduction***
-Conduction velocity increases with axon diameter
(most) Vertebrates have: Correct Answers -Mylinated axons
-Nodes of Ranvier which produce "Saltatory conduction"
-Conduction velocities of up to 150 m/s
2 types of sensory receptors Correct Answers 1) sensory neuron
receptor
2) Epithelial Sensory Receptor cell
3 basic principles of animals Correct Answers 1) Physiological
processes that obey the laws of physics
2)Physiological processes that are usually regulated
3)Phenotype is the product of the genotype of its environment
3 germ layers is called: Correct Answers Triploplasts
3 major roles of the nervous system Correct Answers 1) collects
information from: internal or external environment using
modified neurons (sensory receptors)
2) Process and integrates that information: evaluates based on
past experiences or genetics
3) Transmit information: coordination/regulates effector organs
,3 step coordination of homeostasis Correct Answers -
Coordination between the cells, tissues and organs is key:
1) cells - intracellular (ions)
2)organ systems - extracellular (ions)
3) whole body - water and salt balance
3 things involved in temperature regulation Correct Answers 1)
Sensors: thermoreceptors (skin)
2) Control Centre: hypthalamus (brain)
3) Effectors: blood vessels and skeletal muscles
3 types of Neurons Correct Answers 1) sensory (afferent):
Sends external or internal info
2) Motor (efferent): Sends response signals from the central
nervous system
3) Interneurons: Forms interconnections between Neurons and
the central nervous system.
4 trends in evolutions of the central nervous system Correct
Answers 1) membrane potentials that regulate cell physiology
-all animal groups
2) specialized signalling cells; neurons
-all groups, excluding sponges
3) Ganglia to increase integration
-all groups, excluding sponges
4) Cephalization
-all bilaterally symmetrical animals
, 5 Neurotransmitters
Class: Amino Acids Correct Answers Neurotransmitter
-Serotonin: Generally inhibitory; CNS
-GABA: Inhibitory; CNS; invertebrate neuromuscular junction
-Glycine: Inhibitory; inhibitory; CNS
-Glutamate: Excitatory; CNS; invertebrate neuromuscular
junction
-Asperate: Excitatory; CNS
5 Neurotransmitters
Class: Choline derived Correct Answers -Ammonium salt from
vitamin B group
Neurotransmitter:
-Acetylcholine
Function:
-Excitatory to vertebrate skeletal muscles; excitatory or
inhibitory at other sites
Secretions sites:
CNS; PNS
-Vertebrate neuromuscular junction
"Golgi Tendon Organ" Correct Answers Detection in the
muscle of tendon
(most) Invertebrates have: Correct Answers -non-mylinated
axons
-Continuous conduction***
-Conduction velocity increases with axon diameter
(most) Vertebrates have: Correct Answers -Mylinated axons
-Nodes of Ranvier which produce "Saltatory conduction"
-Conduction velocities of up to 150 m/s
2 types of sensory receptors Correct Answers 1) sensory neuron
receptor
2) Epithelial Sensory Receptor cell
3 basic principles of animals Correct Answers 1) Physiological
processes that obey the laws of physics
2)Physiological processes that are usually regulated
3)Phenotype is the product of the genotype of its environment
3 germ layers is called: Correct Answers Triploplasts
3 major roles of the nervous system Correct Answers 1) collects
information from: internal or external environment using
modified neurons (sensory receptors)
2) Process and integrates that information: evaluates based on
past experiences or genetics
3) Transmit information: coordination/regulates effector organs
,3 step coordination of homeostasis Correct Answers -
Coordination between the cells, tissues and organs is key:
1) cells - intracellular (ions)
2)organ systems - extracellular (ions)
3) whole body - water and salt balance
3 things involved in temperature regulation Correct Answers 1)
Sensors: thermoreceptors (skin)
2) Control Centre: hypthalamus (brain)
3) Effectors: blood vessels and skeletal muscles
3 types of Neurons Correct Answers 1) sensory (afferent):
Sends external or internal info
2) Motor (efferent): Sends response signals from the central
nervous system
3) Interneurons: Forms interconnections between Neurons and
the central nervous system.
4 trends in evolutions of the central nervous system Correct
Answers 1) membrane potentials that regulate cell physiology
-all animal groups
2) specialized signalling cells; neurons
-all groups, excluding sponges
3) Ganglia to increase integration
-all groups, excluding sponges
4) Cephalization
-all bilaterally symmetrical animals
, 5 Neurotransmitters
Class: Amino Acids Correct Answers Neurotransmitter
-Serotonin: Generally inhibitory; CNS
-GABA: Inhibitory; CNS; invertebrate neuromuscular junction
-Glycine: Inhibitory; inhibitory; CNS
-Glutamate: Excitatory; CNS; invertebrate neuromuscular
junction
-Asperate: Excitatory; CNS
5 Neurotransmitters
Class: Choline derived Correct Answers -Ammonium salt from
vitamin B group
Neurotransmitter:
-Acetylcholine
Function:
-Excitatory to vertebrate skeletal muscles; excitatory or
inhibitory at other sites
Secretions sites:
CNS; PNS
-Vertebrate neuromuscular junction
