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NSG 6005 Final Exam 2026/2027 Advanced
Pathophysiology Latest Actual Exam Questions
with Verified Correct Answers and Detailed
Rationales Grade A Study Guide
1. Which statement accurately describes the placement of glucose tablets?
A. They are ingested and swallowed.
B. They are placed rectally.
C. They are placed between the cheek and gum.
D. They are placed under the tongue.
CORRECT ANSWER: C
Rationale: Glucose tablets placed between the cheek and gum are administered via the
buccal route, allowing for absorption through the oral mucosa.
2. What is the correct definition of the term "sublingual"?
A. Dripped into the body.
B. Under the tongue.
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C. Within the skin.
D. Swallowed.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Rationale: "Sublingual" literally translates to "under the tongue." Medications
administered this way are absorbed rapidly through the highly vascular sublingual
mucosa.
3. How is an enema administered?
A. Topically.
B. Rectally.
C. Intravenously.
D. Buccally.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Rationale: An enema involves introducing a solution into the rectum and lower colon via
the rectal route for cleansing, evacuation, or medication administration.
4. Which route is used when a ventilator forces medication into a patient's lungs?
A. Intrathecal.
B. Injection.
C. Instillation.
D. Inhalation.
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CORRECT ANSWER: D
Rationale: Inhalation is the route of administration for drugs delivered directly into the
respiratory tract, often via a nebulizer or ventilator, for local or systemic effect.
5. Cortisporin Otic® is an example of a medication administered via which route?
A. Ingestion.
B. Inhalation.
C. Instillation.
D. Intradermal injection.
CORRECT ANSWER: C
Rationale: Instillation refers to dropping a liquid into a body cavity, such as the eye or
ear. Cortisporin Otic is instilled into the ear canal.
6. What is the term for any route of administration that bypasses the intestinal tract?
A. Topical.
B. Parenteral.
C. Enteral.
D. Intravenous.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Rationale: Parenteral administration refers to any route other than the digestive tract
(enteral). This includes injections (IV, IM, SQ), inhalation, and topical routes.
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7. Which medication is typically administered via the intramuscular (IM) route?
A. Methylprednisolone (a corticosteroid).
B. Osmitrol® (an osmotic diuretic).
C. Toradol® (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent).
D. Xylocaine® (a local anesthetic agent).
CORRECT ANSWER: C
Rationale: Ketorolac (Toradol) is an NSAID commonly administered intramuscularly for
short-term management of moderate to severe pain.
8. Where should a subcutaneous insulin injection be administered?
A. Dermal layer.
B. Bone marrow.
C. Muscle.
D. Adipose tissue.
CORRECT ANSWER: D
Rationale: Subcutaneous injections are administered into the fatty (adipose) tissue layer
between the skin and muscle, which allows for slow, sustained absorption.
9. Dr. Ambrose orders a drug to be injected intravenously. Into which structure should
it be injected?
A. Artery.
NSG 6005 Final Exam 2026/2027 Advanced
Pathophysiology Latest Actual Exam Questions
with Verified Correct Answers and Detailed
Rationales Grade A Study Guide
1. Which statement accurately describes the placement of glucose tablets?
A. They are ingested and swallowed.
B. They are placed rectally.
C. They are placed between the cheek and gum.
D. They are placed under the tongue.
CORRECT ANSWER: C
Rationale: Glucose tablets placed between the cheek and gum are administered via the
buccal route, allowing for absorption through the oral mucosa.
2. What is the correct definition of the term "sublingual"?
A. Dripped into the body.
B. Under the tongue.
,2|Page
C. Within the skin.
D. Swallowed.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Rationale: "Sublingual" literally translates to "under the tongue." Medications
administered this way are absorbed rapidly through the highly vascular sublingual
mucosa.
3. How is an enema administered?
A. Topically.
B. Rectally.
C. Intravenously.
D. Buccally.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Rationale: An enema involves introducing a solution into the rectum and lower colon via
the rectal route for cleansing, evacuation, or medication administration.
4. Which route is used when a ventilator forces medication into a patient's lungs?
A. Intrathecal.
B. Injection.
C. Instillation.
D. Inhalation.
,3|Page
CORRECT ANSWER: D
Rationale: Inhalation is the route of administration for drugs delivered directly into the
respiratory tract, often via a nebulizer or ventilator, for local or systemic effect.
5. Cortisporin Otic® is an example of a medication administered via which route?
A. Ingestion.
B. Inhalation.
C. Instillation.
D. Intradermal injection.
CORRECT ANSWER: C
Rationale: Instillation refers to dropping a liquid into a body cavity, such as the eye or
ear. Cortisporin Otic is instilled into the ear canal.
6. What is the term for any route of administration that bypasses the intestinal tract?
A. Topical.
B. Parenteral.
C. Enteral.
D. Intravenous.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Rationale: Parenteral administration refers to any route other than the digestive tract
(enteral). This includes injections (IV, IM, SQ), inhalation, and topical routes.
, 4|Page
7. Which medication is typically administered via the intramuscular (IM) route?
A. Methylprednisolone (a corticosteroid).
B. Osmitrol® (an osmotic diuretic).
C. Toradol® (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent).
D. Xylocaine® (a local anesthetic agent).
CORRECT ANSWER: C
Rationale: Ketorolac (Toradol) is an NSAID commonly administered intramuscularly for
short-term management of moderate to severe pain.
8. Where should a subcutaneous insulin injection be administered?
A. Dermal layer.
B. Bone marrow.
C. Muscle.
D. Adipose tissue.
CORRECT ANSWER: D
Rationale: Subcutaneous injections are administered into the fatty (adipose) tissue layer
between the skin and muscle, which allows for slow, sustained absorption.
9. Dr. Ambrose orders a drug to be injected intravenously. Into which structure should
it be injected?
A. Artery.
