WGU D430 Fundamentals of
InformationSecurity questions and
answers 2026\2027 A+Grade
Define the confidentiality in the CIA triad.
- correct answer Our ability to protect data from those who are not authorized to view it.
Examples of confidentiality
- correct answer A patron using an ATM card wants to keep their PIN number
confidential. An ATM owner wants to keep bank account numbers confidential.
How can confidentiality be broken?
- correct answer Losing a
laptop An attacker gets
access to info
A person can look over your shoulder
Define integrity in the CIA triad.
- correct answer The ability to prevent people from changing your data and the ability to
reverse unwanted changes.
How do you control integrity?
- correct answer Permissions restrict what users can do (read, write, etc.)
Examples of integrity
- correct answer Data used by a doctor to make medical decisions needs to be correct or the
patient can die.
,Define the availability in the CIA triad.
- correct answer Our data needs to be accessible when we need it.
How can availability be broken?
- correct answer Loss of power, application problems. If caused by an attacker, this is a Denial
of Service attack.
Define information security.
- correct answer The protection of information and information systems from unauthorized
access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction in order to provide
confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Define the Parkerian Hexad and its principles.
- correct answer The Parkerian Hexad includes confidentiality, integrity, and availability
from the CIA triad. It also includes possession (or control), authenticity, and utility.
Authenticity
- correct answer Whether the data in question comes from who or where it says it comes from
(i.e. did this person actually send this email?)
Confidentiality is affected by what type of attack?
- correct answer Interception (eaves dropping)
Integrity is affected by what type of attacks?
- correct answer Interruption (assets are unusable), modification (tampering with an asset),
fabrication (generating false data)
Authenticity is affected by what type of attacks?
- correct answer Interruption (assets are unusable), modification (tampering with an asset),
fabrication (generating false data)
Utility
- correct answer How useful the data is to you (can be a spectrum, not just yes or no)
, Possession
- correct answer Do you physically have the data in question? Used to describe the scope of a
loss
Identify the four types of attacks
- correct answer interception, interruption, modification, and fabrication
Interception attacks
- correct answer Make your assets unusable or unavailable
Interruption attacks
- correct answer cause assets to become unusable or unavailable for our use, on a
temporary or permanent basis
Modification attacks
- correct answer Tampering with an asset
Fabrication attacks
- correct answer Generating data, process, and communications
Define the risk management process
- correct answer 1. Identify assets
2. Identify threats
3. Assess vulnerabilities
4. Assess risks
5. Mitigate risks
Define the incident response process and its stages.
- correct answer
Preparation Detection and
analysis Containment
Eradication
InformationSecurity questions and
answers 2026\2027 A+Grade
Define the confidentiality in the CIA triad.
- correct answer Our ability to protect data from those who are not authorized to view it.
Examples of confidentiality
- correct answer A patron using an ATM card wants to keep their PIN number
confidential. An ATM owner wants to keep bank account numbers confidential.
How can confidentiality be broken?
- correct answer Losing a
laptop An attacker gets
access to info
A person can look over your shoulder
Define integrity in the CIA triad.
- correct answer The ability to prevent people from changing your data and the ability to
reverse unwanted changes.
How do you control integrity?
- correct answer Permissions restrict what users can do (read, write, etc.)
Examples of integrity
- correct answer Data used by a doctor to make medical decisions needs to be correct or the
patient can die.
,Define the availability in the CIA triad.
- correct answer Our data needs to be accessible when we need it.
How can availability be broken?
- correct answer Loss of power, application problems. If caused by an attacker, this is a Denial
of Service attack.
Define information security.
- correct answer The protection of information and information systems from unauthorized
access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction in order to provide
confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Define the Parkerian Hexad and its principles.
- correct answer The Parkerian Hexad includes confidentiality, integrity, and availability
from the CIA triad. It also includes possession (or control), authenticity, and utility.
Authenticity
- correct answer Whether the data in question comes from who or where it says it comes from
(i.e. did this person actually send this email?)
Confidentiality is affected by what type of attack?
- correct answer Interception (eaves dropping)
Integrity is affected by what type of attacks?
- correct answer Interruption (assets are unusable), modification (tampering with an asset),
fabrication (generating false data)
Authenticity is affected by what type of attacks?
- correct answer Interruption (assets are unusable), modification (tampering with an asset),
fabrication (generating false data)
Utility
- correct answer How useful the data is to you (can be a spectrum, not just yes or no)
, Possession
- correct answer Do you physically have the data in question? Used to describe the scope of a
loss
Identify the four types of attacks
- correct answer interception, interruption, modification, and fabrication
Interception attacks
- correct answer Make your assets unusable or unavailable
Interruption attacks
- correct answer cause assets to become unusable or unavailable for our use, on a
temporary or permanent basis
Modification attacks
- correct answer Tampering with an asset
Fabrication attacks
- correct answer Generating data, process, and communications
Define the risk management process
- correct answer 1. Identify assets
2. Identify threats
3. Assess vulnerabilities
4. Assess risks
5. Mitigate risks
Define the incident response process and its stages.
- correct answer
Preparation Detection and
analysis Containment
Eradication
