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Athabasca University
Psychology Unit 1: Counselling in Canada,
history and trends Questions and Answers
Latest 2026
Advocacy Ans: - helping clients challenge institutional and social
barriers that impede academic, career or personal social
development
- increases client sense of personal power
Counselling Ans: - Skilled and principled use of relationship to
facilitate self knowledge, emotional acceptance and growth and
the optimal development of personal resources
- focuses on helping client's make change
Guidance Ans: - process of helping people make important choices
that affect their lives (eg. choosing a preferred lifestyle)
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
- decision oriented
- focuses on helping clients choose what they value most
Leadership Ans: - influencing a group of individuals to accomplish
a goal
- in counselling is geared towards moving towards a managerial
leadership to promote camaraderie, performance reviews,
productivity etc
Millennium Trends Ans: - Child and youth care workers
- regulation of counselling --> enduring credibility
- changing roles of men and women
- technology
- trauma and crises
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 3 | Page
- poverty
- aging
Positive Psychology Ans: - commitment to personal growth and
mental wellness
- study of strength and virtue
- move away from pathology based counselling (diagnoses) and
less focus on weakness and damage
Psychologist Ans: - can gold doctoral degree (of philosophy,
education, or doctor of psychology)
- focus is in either clinical, counselling, or school-related areas
Psychotherapy Ans: - analytically based therapy, focused more on
past than present
- detachment of therapist
© 2025 All rights reserved
Athabasca University
Psychology Unit 1: Counselling in Canada,
history and trends Questions and Answers
Latest 2026
Advocacy Ans: - helping clients challenge institutional and social
barriers that impede academic, career or personal social
development
- increases client sense of personal power
Counselling Ans: - Skilled and principled use of relationship to
facilitate self knowledge, emotional acceptance and growth and
the optimal development of personal resources
- focuses on helping client's make change
Guidance Ans: - process of helping people make important choices
that affect their lives (eg. choosing a preferred lifestyle)
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
- decision oriented
- focuses on helping clients choose what they value most
Leadership Ans: - influencing a group of individuals to accomplish
a goal
- in counselling is geared towards moving towards a managerial
leadership to promote camaraderie, performance reviews,
productivity etc
Millennium Trends Ans: - Child and youth care workers
- regulation of counselling --> enduring credibility
- changing roles of men and women
- technology
- trauma and crises
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 3 | Page
- poverty
- aging
Positive Psychology Ans: - commitment to personal growth and
mental wellness
- study of strength and virtue
- move away from pathology based counselling (diagnoses) and
less focus on weakness and damage
Psychologist Ans: - can gold doctoral degree (of philosophy,
education, or doctor of psychology)
- focus is in either clinical, counselling, or school-related areas
Psychotherapy Ans: - analytically based therapy, focused more on
past than present
- detachment of therapist
© 2025 All rights reserved
