BIOLOGY I EXAM #1| TOP SCORES MADE SIMPLE |
TRUSTED TEST SOLUTIONS!
QUALITY CONTENT YOU CAN RELY ON!
5 steps of scientific method Answer: 1. observation
2. question
3. hypothesis
4. experiment
5. conclusion
observation Answer: act of viewing the world around us
question Answer: made based off of an observation
hypothesis Answer: a tentative explanation for an observation
controlled experiment Answer: - test several groups
- introduce a single variable per treatment
- keep conditions as similar as possible from one group to the next
conclusion Answer: supports/refutes hypothesis
- more experimentation needed if refuted
prediction Answer: a guess of what might happen based on observation-- the outcome you
would observe if your hypothesis was supported
theory Answer: a sound explanation of the world supported through continued observation
and experiments over a long period of time
3 components of a controlled experiment Answer: 1. variable
2. test group
3. control group
variable Answer: feature of an experiment that is changed from one treatment to the next
test group Answer: exposed to variable in an experiment
control group Answer: not exposed to the variable in an experiment
importance of test group & control group Answer: they allow researchers to determine
whether the variable in an experiment has an effect
independent variable Answer: manipulation performed on the test group
1
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, (ex. hours of tutoring)
which axis is the independent variable found on a graph? Answer: x-axis
dependent variable Answer: effect that is being measured
(ex. test score)
which axis is the dependent variable found on a graph? Answer: y-axis
theory of evolution Answer: set of hypotheses that provide a powerful explanation for both
biological observations & the diversity of life
why do we learn that the theory of evolution is the single most important theory in all of
biology? Answer: there's lots of evidence from asking/testing good scientific questions
(ex. anatomy, fossil record, biogeography, molecular biology)
7 ways living organisms are different from non-living organisms Answer: 1. organization -
complex organization
2. response - ability to change in response to the environment
3. reproduction - ability to reproduce
4. evolution - capacity to evolve
5. metabolism - chemical rxns that sustain life
6. homeostasis - maintenance of stable internal environment
7. growth - regulated growth/cell division
1st law of thermodynamics Answer: energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can
only be transformed from one form into another
how does the 1st law of thermodynamics apply to living organisms? Answer: - living
organisms transform energy from sunlight --> chemical energy
- cells convert energy by expending it & giving off heat as a by product
2nd law of thermodynamics Answer: the amount of entropy in the universe is constantly
increasing
entropy Answer: amount of disorder in a system
disorder Answer: # of states that a system can take on
how does temperature affect entropy? Answer: higher temp --> molecules move faster -->
more entropy
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
TRUSTED TEST SOLUTIONS!
QUALITY CONTENT YOU CAN RELY ON!
5 steps of scientific method Answer: 1. observation
2. question
3. hypothesis
4. experiment
5. conclusion
observation Answer: act of viewing the world around us
question Answer: made based off of an observation
hypothesis Answer: a tentative explanation for an observation
controlled experiment Answer: - test several groups
- introduce a single variable per treatment
- keep conditions as similar as possible from one group to the next
conclusion Answer: supports/refutes hypothesis
- more experimentation needed if refuted
prediction Answer: a guess of what might happen based on observation-- the outcome you
would observe if your hypothesis was supported
theory Answer: a sound explanation of the world supported through continued observation
and experiments over a long period of time
3 components of a controlled experiment Answer: 1. variable
2. test group
3. control group
variable Answer: feature of an experiment that is changed from one treatment to the next
test group Answer: exposed to variable in an experiment
control group Answer: not exposed to the variable in an experiment
importance of test group & control group Answer: they allow researchers to determine
whether the variable in an experiment has an effect
independent variable Answer: manipulation performed on the test group
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, (ex. hours of tutoring)
which axis is the independent variable found on a graph? Answer: x-axis
dependent variable Answer: effect that is being measured
(ex. test score)
which axis is the dependent variable found on a graph? Answer: y-axis
theory of evolution Answer: set of hypotheses that provide a powerful explanation for both
biological observations & the diversity of life
why do we learn that the theory of evolution is the single most important theory in all of
biology? Answer: there's lots of evidence from asking/testing good scientific questions
(ex. anatomy, fossil record, biogeography, molecular biology)
7 ways living organisms are different from non-living organisms Answer: 1. organization -
complex organization
2. response - ability to change in response to the environment
3. reproduction - ability to reproduce
4. evolution - capacity to evolve
5. metabolism - chemical rxns that sustain life
6. homeostasis - maintenance of stable internal environment
7. growth - regulated growth/cell division
1st law of thermodynamics Answer: energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can
only be transformed from one form into another
how does the 1st law of thermodynamics apply to living organisms? Answer: - living
organisms transform energy from sunlight --> chemical energy
- cells convert energy by expending it & giving off heat as a by product
2nd law of thermodynamics Answer: the amount of entropy in the universe is constantly
increasing
entropy Answer: amount of disorder in a system
disorder Answer: # of states that a system can take on
how does temperature affect entropy? Answer: higher temp --> molecules move faster -->
more entropy
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
