1|Page
NVCC PSY 200-E43L Exam 2 || Complete Test Bank
with Questions and Answers | Final Exam Study
Guide||Newest Exam!!
What is a variable ratio? - ANSWER-a ratio schedule that
shows that the delivery of reinforcement is based on a
particular average number of responses
What is continuous reinforcement? - ANSWER-when a
reinforcer is given after every single response
What is intermittent reinforcement? - ANSWER-where a
reinforcer is only given after some of the responses
Gambling operates under which type of reinforcement
schedule? - ANSWER-intermittent reinforcement
What schedule of reinforcement leads to highest rate of
response? - ANSWER-variable ratio schedule
What is shaping and how can it be use to teach new
behavior? - ANSWER-is learning that results from the
reinforcement of successive steps to a final desired
behavior. at each step when the proper thing is done there
,2|Page
is a reinforcer so then that will make the person want to do
the step
What is latent learning? - ANSWER-something is learned
but it is not manifested as a behavioral change until
sometime in the future
What is a cognitive map? - ANSWER-a mental
representation of the physical features of the environment
What are the Tolman and Honzik studies and how did they
challenge the notion that there was not a cognitive
component to learning? - ANSWER-shows that rats
actively process information rather than operating on a
stimulus response relationship. The rats reached their
goals without any reinforcement showing evidence of
latent learning
What are the brains pleasure centers? - ANSWER-The
nucleus accumbens, medial forebrain bundle and
hypothalamus
How did the Breland's find that operant conditioning is
constrained by evolution? - ANSWER-their work showed
that all species including humans are biologically
,3|Page
predisposed to learn some things easier than others, and
respond to stimuli in ways that are consistent with their
evolutionary histories through the studies of pigs and
raccoons and how they would dig coins into the dirt like
food instead of putting them in a box
What is the law of effect and which researchers are
associated with it? - ANSWER-behaviors that are followed
by a "satisfying state of affairs" tend to be repeated and
those that produce an "unpleasant state of affairs" are less
likely to be repeated. Thorndike developed this
What is operant behavior? - ANSWER-refers to behavior
that an organism produces that has some impact on the
environment
What is a reinforcer? - ANSWER-any stimulus or event
that functions to increase the likelihood of the behavior
that led to it
What is a punisher? - ANSWER-any stimulus or event that
functions to decrease the likelihood of the behavior that
led to it
What is positive reinforcement? - ANSWER-where a
reward stimulus is added
, 4|Page
What is negative reinforcement? - ANSWER-where an
unpleasant reinforcement is removed
What is negative punishment? - ANSWER-where a reward
stimulus is removed
what is positive punishment? - ANSWER-when an
unpleasant stimulus is added
How does discrimination occur in operant conditioning? -
ANSWER-refers to responding only to the discriminative
stimulus and not to similar stimuli. people were only
reinforced if they responded when the appropriate thing
was presented.
How does extinction occur in operant conditioning? -
ANSWER-when stimuli elicit similar responses to
previously conditioned stimuli that share certain qualities
What is a fixed interval? - ANSWER-an interval schedule
where reinforcers are presented at fixed time periods,
provided that the appropriate response is made.
NVCC PSY 200-E43L Exam 2 || Complete Test Bank
with Questions and Answers | Final Exam Study
Guide||Newest Exam!!
What is a variable ratio? - ANSWER-a ratio schedule that
shows that the delivery of reinforcement is based on a
particular average number of responses
What is continuous reinforcement? - ANSWER-when a
reinforcer is given after every single response
What is intermittent reinforcement? - ANSWER-where a
reinforcer is only given after some of the responses
Gambling operates under which type of reinforcement
schedule? - ANSWER-intermittent reinforcement
What schedule of reinforcement leads to highest rate of
response? - ANSWER-variable ratio schedule
What is shaping and how can it be use to teach new
behavior? - ANSWER-is learning that results from the
reinforcement of successive steps to a final desired
behavior. at each step when the proper thing is done there
,2|Page
is a reinforcer so then that will make the person want to do
the step
What is latent learning? - ANSWER-something is learned
but it is not manifested as a behavioral change until
sometime in the future
What is a cognitive map? - ANSWER-a mental
representation of the physical features of the environment
What are the Tolman and Honzik studies and how did they
challenge the notion that there was not a cognitive
component to learning? - ANSWER-shows that rats
actively process information rather than operating on a
stimulus response relationship. The rats reached their
goals without any reinforcement showing evidence of
latent learning
What are the brains pleasure centers? - ANSWER-The
nucleus accumbens, medial forebrain bundle and
hypothalamus
How did the Breland's find that operant conditioning is
constrained by evolution? - ANSWER-their work showed
that all species including humans are biologically
,3|Page
predisposed to learn some things easier than others, and
respond to stimuli in ways that are consistent with their
evolutionary histories through the studies of pigs and
raccoons and how they would dig coins into the dirt like
food instead of putting them in a box
What is the law of effect and which researchers are
associated with it? - ANSWER-behaviors that are followed
by a "satisfying state of affairs" tend to be repeated and
those that produce an "unpleasant state of affairs" are less
likely to be repeated. Thorndike developed this
What is operant behavior? - ANSWER-refers to behavior
that an organism produces that has some impact on the
environment
What is a reinforcer? - ANSWER-any stimulus or event
that functions to increase the likelihood of the behavior
that led to it
What is a punisher? - ANSWER-any stimulus or event that
functions to decrease the likelihood of the behavior that
led to it
What is positive reinforcement? - ANSWER-where a
reward stimulus is added
, 4|Page
What is negative reinforcement? - ANSWER-where an
unpleasant reinforcement is removed
What is negative punishment? - ANSWER-where a reward
stimulus is removed
what is positive punishment? - ANSWER-when an
unpleasant stimulus is added
How does discrimination occur in operant conditioning? -
ANSWER-refers to responding only to the discriminative
stimulus and not to similar stimuli. people were only
reinforced if they responded when the appropriate thing
was presented.
How does extinction occur in operant conditioning? -
ANSWER-when stimuli elicit similar responses to
previously conditioned stimuli that share certain qualities
What is a fixed interval? - ANSWER-an interval schedule
where reinforcers are presented at fixed time periods,
provided that the appropriate response is made.
