Metabolism Forms of energy:
Energy, Joules (J): - the ability to do work
Potential: Kinetic
• Heat Work = Force x Distance
• Light • Chemical • Radiant
• Chemical Energy • Nuclear • Thermal
• Electrical (Sun) • Stored mechanical • Motion
• Gravitational • Sound
• Electrical
Heat Energy • Energy can be transformed
Energy and metabolism
PRODUCERS: CONSUMERS • Metabolic Pathway = series of linked reactions that take
plants : animals ………………….………….a substrate & convert it into a product
• Anabolic Pathway = metabolic pathways that convert the
DECOMPOSERS: ……………………………substrate into a more complex structure
fungi, bacteria, worms (require energy input)
• Catabolic Pathway = metabolic pathway in which large
…………………….molecules are broken down into small ones
Heat (energy is released)
Potential, kinetic, free & activation energy
= stored energy that can be used later = amount of energy required to start the reaction
= the energy of movement or activity = G, the amount of energy remaining
after entropy has been accounted for
Exergonic Endergonic
reactions release reactions release
energy as energy as
substrate substrate
becomes product becomes product
Free Energy and its Role in Metabolism
• “FREE ENERGY” – Energy in a system available for useful work:
Units – Calories or Joules (1cal = 4.2J)
• Stored within the structure of the molecules
• Measure of the capacity of the molecule to release energy during a chemical reaction
• Calorific nature of food = a measure of the amount of energy that may be derived from complete oxidation of the food,
to CO2 & H2O
• Energy changes displayed as ΔG (Gibbs Free Energy Change)
Energy, Joules (J): - the ability to do work
Potential: Kinetic
• Heat Work = Force x Distance
• Light • Chemical • Radiant
• Chemical Energy • Nuclear • Thermal
• Electrical (Sun) • Stored mechanical • Motion
• Gravitational • Sound
• Electrical
Heat Energy • Energy can be transformed
Energy and metabolism
PRODUCERS: CONSUMERS • Metabolic Pathway = series of linked reactions that take
plants : animals ………………….………….a substrate & convert it into a product
• Anabolic Pathway = metabolic pathways that convert the
DECOMPOSERS: ……………………………substrate into a more complex structure
fungi, bacteria, worms (require energy input)
• Catabolic Pathway = metabolic pathway in which large
…………………….molecules are broken down into small ones
Heat (energy is released)
Potential, kinetic, free & activation energy
= stored energy that can be used later = amount of energy required to start the reaction
= the energy of movement or activity = G, the amount of energy remaining
after entropy has been accounted for
Exergonic Endergonic
reactions release reactions release
energy as energy as
substrate substrate
becomes product becomes product
Free Energy and its Role in Metabolism
• “FREE ENERGY” – Energy in a system available for useful work:
Units – Calories or Joules (1cal = 4.2J)
• Stored within the structure of the molecules
• Measure of the capacity of the molecule to release energy during a chemical reaction
• Calorific nature of food = a measure of the amount of energy that may be derived from complete oxidation of the food,
to CO2 & H2O
• Energy changes displayed as ΔG (Gibbs Free Energy Change)
