WCU PHYS 261 Final Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers | Latest 2026 | Guaranteed Pass

WCU PHYS 261 Final Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers | Latest 2026 | Guaranteed Pass internal respiration and external respiration - answer-What are the 2 types of respiration? from a high area to a low area - answer-In which direction does air flow due to pressure differences? Gas exchange that occurs between the aleveoli and RBCs, and between the RBCs and tissue - answerWhat is internal respiration? air movement between the lungs and the atmosphere - answer-What is external respiration? when air moves from the atmosphere into the lungs - answer-What is inhalation? when air moves from the lungs into the atmosphere - answer-What is exhalation? that pressure and volume are inversely proportional - answer-What is Boyle's Law? 760 mmHg - answer-What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level? pressure inside the lungs - answer-What is intrapulmonary pressure? volume inside the lungs - answer-What is intrapulmonary volume?760mmHg - answer-What is the atmospheric pressure and intrapulmonary pressure when you are at rest?(neither inhaling or exhaling) 400ml air - answer-What is the lung volume during rest? lower - answer-For inspiration, is the intrapulmonary pressure higher or lower than the atmospheric pressure? -blood O2 levels are low, while CO2 is high -chemoreceptors get stimulated -chemoreceptors stimulate medulla(respiratory center) -medulla stimulates the phrenic nerve -phrenic nerve stimulates the diaphragm and respiratory muscles -diaphragm and muscles move down and outward -negative pressure created inside the lungs -thoracic veins drain blood into the lungs -increase in intrapulmonary volume -decrease in intrapulmonary pressure by 4mmHg= 756mmHg -air enters lungs - answer-What are the steps of inspiration? Central receptors -located near the medulla -detect hydrogen concentration in CSF and by detecting hydrogen, it can tell if CO2 has increased Peripheral receptors -found in carotid artery and aortic bodies -detects a decrease in O2 levels, and if decreased, it stimulates the medulla - answer-What are the 2 types of chemoreceptors and their functions? -inhalation caused the lungs to be filled with air -stimulates stretch receptors within the medulla-medulla inhibits the phrenic nerve -diaphragm and respiratory muscles no longer stimulated by phrenic nerve -diaphragm and muscles relax -diaphragm moves up and muscles move inward -lungs recoil properly -blood is pushed out of the lungs -decrease in intrapulmonary volume -increase in intrapulmonary pressure by 8mmHg= 764mmHg -air leaves lungs - answer-What are the steps of expiration? a- tidal volume(TV): a normal breath b- inspiratory reserve volume(IRV): the amount of air your can forcefully inhale after a normal inhale c- expiratory reserve volume(ERV): the amount of air you can forcefully exhale after a normal exhale d- vital capacity(VC): the amount of air that can be manipulated e- residual volume(RV): the amount of air always left in the lungs f-total lung capacity(TLC): the total amount of air your lungs can hold - answer-What are the parts of components capacity and their meaning? -the concentration of free hydrogen ions in a solution -0-14 -acidic: 0-7, neutral: 7-8, basic: 8-14 - answer-What is pH, its range, and the categories within its range? -pH is acidic -metabolic: imbalance between acid and base due to excess acid in the body or not enough base in the body -respiratory: imbalance between acid and base due to excess CO2 in the body - answer-What is acidosis, the 2 types of acid-base disturbances, and their meanings? -pH is alkaline(basic) -metabolic: imbalance between acid and base due to excess base in body or not enough acid in bodyrespiratory: imbalance between acid and base due to not enough CO2 in body - answer-What is alkalosis, the 2 types of acid-base disturbances, and their meanings? metabolic(compensation done by the respiratory system): hyperventilation- releasing CO2 because CO2 is an acid, and releasing it will increase the pH respiratory(compensation done by the metabolic system): kidney will increase reabsorption of HCO3-, and because HCO3- is basic, it increases the pH - answer-What are the 2 compensations for the 2 types of acidosis? metabolic(compensation done by the respiratory system): hypoventilation- retaining CO2 because CO2 is an acid, and retaining it will decrease the pH respiratory(compensation done by the metabolic system): kidneys will increase secretion of HCO3-, and because HCO3- is basic, it decreases the pH - answer-What are the 2 compensations for the 2 types of alkalosis? -transportation of nutrients and hormones -regulation of water and pH -defense against infections and blood loss - answer-What are the functions of blood? fluid plasma and blood cells(RBCs, WBCs, and platelets) - answer-What is blood composed of? Water, hormones, ions, molecules, and proteins - answer-What is plasma composed of? albumin: 2/3 of the plasma proteins, produced by liver, creates and maintains oncotic pressure globulins: 3 types- alpha, beta, and gamma, make up immunoglobulins clotting proteins: 12 different types, produced by liver - answer-What are the plasma proteins and their functions/characteristics? -the process of RBC production -produced by bone marrow from stem cells, production is controlled by erythropoietin(released by kidneys) - answer-What is erythropoiesis and its characteristics?