OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT
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Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
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1. During a well-child assessment of an 18-month-old child, you observe that the
child points to a picture of a dog and says, "Want puppy!"
What type of speech is this an example of?
a) Telegraphic
b) Receptive
c) Semantic
d) Holographic - ANSWER Correct! Syntax (the structure of words in
sentences or phrases) is developed in stages between the ages of eight
months and three and a half years. Telegraphic speech begins at about 18
months of age when children speak in phrases with many words omitted, so
that the sentence sounds like a telegram. Holographic speech is the use of a
single word to express a complete idea. Receptive speech refers to the
ability to understand a word without necessarily being able to use the
word. Semantics is the understanding that words have specific meanings.
2. While you are discussing anticipatory guidance with the mother of a 12-month-
old, the child repeatedly pulls objects out of the mother's purse. Each time, the
mother slaps the child's hands as she takes the objects away.
,What should you recommend for helping the mother manage this child's
misbehavior in a developmentally appropriate manner?
a) Place acceptable objects in her purse for the child to find.
b) Keep her purse up high and out of the child's reach.
c) Use time-out each time the child gets into the purse.
d) Say "No!" instead of slapping the child's hands. - ANSWER Correct!
Parents should provide a developmentally appropriate environment to
minimize children's misbehavior. Children at this age are naturally curious
and will explore the environment, seeking out objects within their reach. It
is easier to put the purse out of reach than to repeatedly say, "No." Putting
acceptable objects in her purse only reinforces the undesired behavior of
getting things out of the mother's purse.
3. During a newborn wellness visit, the priority is to attend to the concerns of the
parent.
True
False - ANSWER Correct! Newborns present a challenge to all parents, and
understanding how the parents are accepting and caring for their newborn is
paramount to the child's growth and development. When you evaluate all aspects
of parental understanding regarding care of the newborn, you have the
opportunity to educate and intervene as needed. Including the parents in the
wellness examination also sets the stage for upcoming wellness visits and ensures
an understanding of wellness importance.
4. You conduct a well-baby examination on an infant and note mild gross motor
delays but no delays in other areas.
What should be your initial course of action?
a) Teach the parents to provide exercises to encourage motor development.
b) Prepare the parents for a potentially serious developmental disorder.
, c) Refer the infant to an early intervention program for physical therapy.
d) Consult a developmental specialist for a complete evaluation. - ANSWER
Correct! A child who has mild delays in only one area may be managed
initially by having the parent provide appropriate exercises. If this is not
effective, or if delays become more severe, referrals for evaluation or early
intervention services are warranted. A mild delay does not necessarily
signal a serious disorder.
5. As you begin a well-child visit on a 12-month-old infant, you observe the child
pull himself up using the chair for support and to "cruise." You note the child has a
stepping gait in which the whole leg is raised at the hip to ensure adequate
ground clearance.
a) What is the appropriate course of action for you to take?
b) Refer the infant to a pediatric orthopedist.
c) Perform a comprehensive history and physical, with special attention to
musculoskeletal and neurologic systems.
d) Continue the well visit because most infants outgrow this gait pattern.
e) Send the infant to the ER for immediate evaluation. - ANSWER Correct!
When evaluating an abnormal gait pattern, you should first perform a
comprehensive history and physical with special attention to
musculoskeletal and neurologic systems. A stepping gait may be a symptom
of peripheral neuropathies, spina bifida, or polio.
6. It is important for you to assess a family's beliefs on infant sleeping habits.
Doing so will help ensure the family heeds your direction regarding a patient's
sleep. What are some families' erroneous beliefs about infant sleeping?
a) Using a family bed
b) Providing a safe sleep environment
c) Placing children on their back to sleep
, d) Using a new crib - ANSWER Correct! In some cultures, a family bed is
the norm. Ensure parents understand the importance of infants sleeping in
their own beds to help prevent injury and death from parents rolling onto
or smothering the child during sleep. Providing a safe area for children to
sleep and avoiding a family bed entirely improves sleeping safety for
children.
7. The parent of a newborn infant asks you when the parent should intervene to
help the infant's future intellectual growth.
What should you tell the parent?
a) Preschool is an optimal time to begin general learning.
b) Language and literacy skills begin at birth.
c) Intellectual growth begins when speech develops.
d) Cognitive learning begins during the toddler years. - ANSWER Correct!
Talking to, reading to, playing with, and interacting with a child are some of
the most important things a parent can do to enhance and stimulate
intellectual growth. Intellectual learning begins long before preschool.
Waiting until preschool may produce a delay in the child's development.
Children absorb information from birth, and learning occurs before speech.
Intellectual development begins at birth and long before toddler years.
8. You are examining a 12-month-old infant who was six weeks premature. You
observe that the infant uses a raking motion to pick up small objects. The Parents'
Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS) questionnaire completed by the parent
did not indicate significant developmental delays.
What should you do first?
a) Refer the infant to a developmental specialist.
b) Suggest activities to improve fine motor skills.
c) Perform an in-depth developmental assessment.