Page 1 of 25
PLTW Medical Interventions Final Exam ALL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE THIS YEAR
QUESTION: How can DNA sequences be used to identify disease pathogens? - ANSWER-You can
observe mutations and abnormalities that disease pathogens have
QUESTION: What is an antibody? - ANSWER-A blood protein in the body produced by B-cells (B-
Lymphocytes) that fight against a foreign substance by recognizing a specific part of it.
QUESTION: How do antibodies identify and inactivate antigens? - ANSWER-1. Shape recognition
2. Proteins of the antigens are configured to specific antibodies, so the foreign antigens bind to
the specific antibodies that inactivate them
QUESTION: How can the ELISA assay be used to detect disease? - ANSWER-1. Primary
antibodies attach to specific antigen
2. Secondary antibody attaches to primary antibody
3. When enzyme substrate is added, color change occurs
1
, Page 2 of 25
QUESTION: Why is it important for doctors to know the concentration of the disease antigen
present in a patient's system? - ANSWER-Higher concentration = closer to patient zero
QUESTION: Patient Zero - ANSWER-The first person to be infected with a particular disease
QUESTION: What steps do scientists take to diagnose, treat, and prevent future spread of a
disease outbreak? - ANSWER-1. Record the symptoms
2. Locate the origin of the pathogen
3. Run tests to determine antibodies and antigens
4. Take preventative measures (quarantine, wash hands often, etc.)
QUESTION: How were the following used in managing the outbreak on Sue Smith's campus:
PCR, Bioinformatics/BLAST, and ELISA? - ANSWER-These tests determine the concentration of
the disease, which lead to the source of the outbreak
2
, Page 3 of 25
QUESTION: Which part of the bacterial cell allows the bacteria to attach to specific surfaces? -
ANSWER-Adhesins, or cell-surface components/appendages of the bacteria that facilitate
attachment to other cells or surfaces
QUESTION: Which bacterial structure is involved with protein synthesis? - ANSWER-rRNA, tRNA,
and mRNA (Ribosomal, Transfer, Messenger)
Q; What is a medical intervention? - ANSWER-Any measure whose purpose is to improve health
or alter the course of a disease
QUESTION: What are the main categories of interventions that function to maintain human
health? - ANSWER-Treatments, Diagnostics and Equipment
QUESTION: How do scientists gather evidence during the potential outbreak of an infectious
disease? - ANSWER-1. Record patient's symptoms and find similarities with other patients
2. Isolate the bacteria in a lab
3. Go to affected areas and determine the origin of the disease
4. Identify the disease using DNA sequencing since pathogens alter certain DNA sequences
3
PLTW Medical Interventions Final Exam ALL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE THIS YEAR
QUESTION: How can DNA sequences be used to identify disease pathogens? - ANSWER-You can
observe mutations and abnormalities that disease pathogens have
QUESTION: What is an antibody? - ANSWER-A blood protein in the body produced by B-cells (B-
Lymphocytes) that fight against a foreign substance by recognizing a specific part of it.
QUESTION: How do antibodies identify and inactivate antigens? - ANSWER-1. Shape recognition
2. Proteins of the antigens are configured to specific antibodies, so the foreign antigens bind to
the specific antibodies that inactivate them
QUESTION: How can the ELISA assay be used to detect disease? - ANSWER-1. Primary
antibodies attach to specific antigen
2. Secondary antibody attaches to primary antibody
3. When enzyme substrate is added, color change occurs
1
, Page 2 of 25
QUESTION: Why is it important for doctors to know the concentration of the disease antigen
present in a patient's system? - ANSWER-Higher concentration = closer to patient zero
QUESTION: Patient Zero - ANSWER-The first person to be infected with a particular disease
QUESTION: What steps do scientists take to diagnose, treat, and prevent future spread of a
disease outbreak? - ANSWER-1. Record the symptoms
2. Locate the origin of the pathogen
3. Run tests to determine antibodies and antigens
4. Take preventative measures (quarantine, wash hands often, etc.)
QUESTION: How were the following used in managing the outbreak on Sue Smith's campus:
PCR, Bioinformatics/BLAST, and ELISA? - ANSWER-These tests determine the concentration of
the disease, which lead to the source of the outbreak
2
, Page 3 of 25
QUESTION: Which part of the bacterial cell allows the bacteria to attach to specific surfaces? -
ANSWER-Adhesins, or cell-surface components/appendages of the bacteria that facilitate
attachment to other cells or surfaces
QUESTION: Which bacterial structure is involved with protein synthesis? - ANSWER-rRNA, tRNA,
and mRNA (Ribosomal, Transfer, Messenger)
Q; What is a medical intervention? - ANSWER-Any measure whose purpose is to improve health
or alter the course of a disease
QUESTION: What are the main categories of interventions that function to maintain human
health? - ANSWER-Treatments, Diagnostics and Equipment
QUESTION: How do scientists gather evidence during the potential outbreak of an infectious
disease? - ANSWER-1. Record patient's symptoms and find similarities with other patients
2. Isolate the bacteria in a lab
3. Go to affected areas and determine the origin of the disease
4. Identify the disease using DNA sequencing since pathogens alter certain DNA sequences
3
