Anatomy Terms/ Things to know
Chapter 13: The Nervous System Nervous Tissue
• An Overview of the Nervous System:
o The nervous system is subdivided into the central nervous system (CNS) and
peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal
cord. The PNS has afferent and efferent divisions. The afferent division consists of
soma>c and visceral sensory nerves. The efferent division consists of the soma>c
and autonomic nervous systems; the autonomic nervous system con- sists of the
parasympathe>c and sympathe>c divisions.
NS controlsandadjust
command
center
theactivity ofthebody
providesswiftbutbriefresponses
CNSsensoryinput deliveringsense
motorinput motion
seatofintelligencememoryemotion
learning
YYmkamtneii.cc
alerts
crest
parasympathetic digest
rain
water Ynot gym
body that'atinening that
pain
around
pins
Afferentupwardortowardscenter
sensory
Downwardawayfromcenter
ftp.ygnt
,soma
, Neuraltissueconsists Neurons Neuroglia glia
neuronsnervecells stransferprocessing
info somaaxondendrites
Neuroglia supportingcells protectneuron
• Neuroglia: 4 types of neuroglia in the CNS= astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and
ependymal cells. 2 types of neuroglia in the PNS= satellite cells and Schwann cells.
•
Neuroglia of the CNS: surrounds CNS neurons and hold them in place, isolate neurons
from each other, supply oxygen and nutrients to neurons, destroy pathogens, and
remove dead or damaged neurons.
starcells7 o Astrocytes: largest and most numerous neuroglia. Control the inters>>al
maintainsBBB environment. Maintain the blood brain barrier. Form a 3D framework. Repair
damaged nervous >ssue. Guide neuron development.
o Oligodendrocytes: second type of neuroglia within the CNS
• Neuroglia of the PNS: Satellite cells and Schwann cells of the PNS have func>ons similar
to those of the astrocytes and oligodendroglia of the CNS.
cansbetween
o Satellite cells: surround neuron cell bodies in peripheral ganglia satellite regulate
exchangermaterial
i necenboa
environment
cells
schwann neurriemmocytes
formsamyelin sheath o Schwann cells: Every peripheral axon, whether myelinated or unmyelinated
o Axolemma: plasma membrane of an axon
o Neurolemma: cytoplasmic covering provided by the Schwann cells.
, a
• Neurons: func>onal units of the nervous system, transmit info from one part of the
nervous system to another by electrical impulses
• Sensory Neurons: Forming the afferent division of the PNS. Axons of sensory neurons,
called afferent fibers.
o Interoceptors: monitor the diges>ve, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and
reproduc>ve systems and provide sensa>ons of deep pressure and pain as well
as taste, another special sense.
o Exteroceptors: provide informa>on about the external environment in the form
of touch, temperature, and pressure sensa>ons and the more complex special
senses of sight, smell, and hearing.
o Proprioceptors: monitor the posi>on and movement of skeletal muscles and
joints.
• Motor Neurons: Forming the efferent division of the nervous system, motor neurons
s>mulate or modify the ac>vity of a peripheral >ssue, organ, or organ system.
Chapter 13: The Nervous System Nervous Tissue
• An Overview of the Nervous System:
o The nervous system is subdivided into the central nervous system (CNS) and
peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal
cord. The PNS has afferent and efferent divisions. The afferent division consists of
soma>c and visceral sensory nerves. The efferent division consists of the soma>c
and autonomic nervous systems; the autonomic nervous system con- sists of the
parasympathe>c and sympathe>c divisions.
NS controlsandadjust
command
center
theactivity ofthebody
providesswiftbutbriefresponses
CNSsensoryinput deliveringsense
motorinput motion
seatofintelligencememoryemotion
learning
YYmkamtneii.cc
alerts
crest
parasympathetic digest
rain
water Ynot gym
body that'atinening that
pain
around
pins
Afferentupwardortowardscenter
sensory
Downwardawayfromcenter
ftp.ygnt
,soma
, Neuraltissueconsists Neurons Neuroglia glia
neuronsnervecells stransferprocessing
info somaaxondendrites
Neuroglia supportingcells protectneuron
• Neuroglia: 4 types of neuroglia in the CNS= astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and
ependymal cells. 2 types of neuroglia in the PNS= satellite cells and Schwann cells.
•
Neuroglia of the CNS: surrounds CNS neurons and hold them in place, isolate neurons
from each other, supply oxygen and nutrients to neurons, destroy pathogens, and
remove dead or damaged neurons.
starcells7 o Astrocytes: largest and most numerous neuroglia. Control the inters>>al
maintainsBBB environment. Maintain the blood brain barrier. Form a 3D framework. Repair
damaged nervous >ssue. Guide neuron development.
o Oligodendrocytes: second type of neuroglia within the CNS
• Neuroglia of the PNS: Satellite cells and Schwann cells of the PNS have func>ons similar
to those of the astrocytes and oligodendroglia of the CNS.
cansbetween
o Satellite cells: surround neuron cell bodies in peripheral ganglia satellite regulate
exchangermaterial
i necenboa
environment
cells
schwann neurriemmocytes
formsamyelin sheath o Schwann cells: Every peripheral axon, whether myelinated or unmyelinated
o Axolemma: plasma membrane of an axon
o Neurolemma: cytoplasmic covering provided by the Schwann cells.
, a
• Neurons: func>onal units of the nervous system, transmit info from one part of the
nervous system to another by electrical impulses
• Sensory Neurons: Forming the afferent division of the PNS. Axons of sensory neurons,
called afferent fibers.
o Interoceptors: monitor the diges>ve, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and
reproduc>ve systems and provide sensa>ons of deep pressure and pain as well
as taste, another special sense.
o Exteroceptors: provide informa>on about the external environment in the form
of touch, temperature, and pressure sensa>ons and the more complex special
senses of sight, smell, and hearing.
o Proprioceptors: monitor the posi>on and movement of skeletal muscles and
joints.
• Motor Neurons: Forming the efferent division of the nervous system, motor neurons
s>mulate or modify the ac>vity of a peripheral >ssue, organ, or organ system.
