Nr 606 week 1 Questions and Answers

Nr 606 week 1 Questions and Answers cognitive development: Piagets sensorimotor, pre operational, formal operational Sensorimotor: 0-2 years of age; cognitive abilities based on reflexes; children master object permanence and causality. 0-2 years of age; cognitive abilities based on reflexes; children master object permanence and causality. 2-7 years of age; child can use mental representations, symbolic thought, and language; thinking is egocentric. Preoperational 7-11 years of age; child uses logical operations when thinking and solving problems; thinking is concrete. concrete operational Formal Operational 12 years and older; adolescent can use abstract reasoning in addition to logical operations; can understand theories, hypothesize, and comprehend abstract ideas such as love and justice. SBIRT stands for? Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment Quickly assesses the severity of substance use and identifies the appropriate level of treatment. Screening Focuses on increasing insight and awareness regarding substance use and motivation toward behavioral change. Brief intervention Guidance to treatment provides those identified as needing more extensive treatment with access to specialty care. Referral BACKGROUD MENTAL HEALTH % 13% of children ages 8-15 experience a mental health condition 50% of children ages 8-15 experiencing a mental health condition do not receive treatment 13-20% of children living in the U.S. (1 out of 5 children) experience a mental health condition in a given year 17% of high school students seriously consider suicide 1/2 = 50% of all lifetime cases of mental illness begin by age 14 Resiliency: underlying assumptions for children Similar to the concept of recovery in adult therapy, therapists work to promote resiliency in children and adolescents using a strength-based orientation that supports functioning, self-regulation, and helps them deal with the challenges they face Systems involvement: underlying assumptions for children Therapists must consider the systems that surround children and adolescents and promote their development, including family, school, peers, and the community. Therapy can help promote the child's or adolescent's socioemotional competence and help develop a community support system. Family involvement: underlying assumptions for children Family involvement in treatment and decision-making is considered a norm in child and adolescent psychotherapy. Therapists should invite parents to share the history of the child or adolescent's chief complaint and prior treatment, medical and developmental history, and behavioral information privately with the therapist ahead of the session to avoid feelings of criticism or discouragement. The therapist collaborates with the parent or caregiver as a treatment partner Developmental considerations: underlying assumptions for children Developmental considerations are foundational to working with children and adolescents. A child's developmental level will impact how they reason, approach relationships, regulate emotion and behavior, and communicate. Developmental considerations inform the diagnostic process and guide treatment planning. Common maternal mental health conditions include (6) depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, and substance use disorder Perinatal mental illness is associated with adverse outcomes for both the pregnant client and infant? preterm birth, low birth weight, and a higher incidence of maternal substance use depression and anxiety during pregnancy info: 1st line SSRI 2nd line options, bupropion, tricyclic antidepressants and SNRI most common SE neonatal withdrawal syndrome (30%) neonatal withdrawal syndrome what meds and symptoms? common side effect of SSRI and SNRI in pregnancy symptoms:tremors, high-pitched crying, and disturbed sleep, peak 2-4 days after birth Paroxetine in pregnancy increase risk for atrial septal defect Benzodiazepines may be taken with caution for anxiety during pregnancy; however whats the risk? and symptoms? newborn toxicity Symptoms: sedation, floppy muscle tone, and potential breathing issues at birth medication safely taken while breastfeeding? Seroquel, olanzapine and resperidone valproic acid-infant serum drug levels must be monitored SSRI benzodiazepines medication must bottle feed with, not safe for breastfeeding clozapine- high risk, neutropenia monitor WBC lithium- signs of toxicity including cyanosis and hypotonia If choose to breastfeed anyway lamotrigine the highest risk of developing a SUD occurs between the ages of 18 to 29 Smoking-related pregnancy complications include ectopic pregnancy, placental abruption, placenta previa, fetal mortality, and stillbirth, preterm birth and low birth weight infants Smoking-related effects on neonates include sudden infant death syndrome and birth malformations such as oral clefts and neural tube defects Smoking-related effects on infants, children, and adolescents include asthma, cognitive impairment, lower respiratory illness, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and central nervous system tumors alcohol use during pregnancy physical issues? low birth weight and growth. problems with heart, kidneys, and other organs. damage to parts of the brain behavior and intellectual disabilities from ALCOHOL use during pregnancy? Behavioral and intellectual disabilities learning disabilities and low IQ hyperactivity difficulty with attention poor ability to communicate in social situations poor reasoning and judgment skills life long affects on children from fetal alcohol/use of alcohol during pregnancy school and social skills living independently mental health substance use keeping a job trouble with the law cannabis during pregnancy/fetus? preterm labor, low birth weight and small for gestational age deliveries, and adverse effects on fetal and adolescent brain growth, executive functioning skills, behavioral problems, and academic achievement, trouble paying attention in school. cocaine during pregnancy premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption, preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age deliveries long term effects of cocaine on children from use during pregnancy lower short-term memory, child and adolescent delinquent behavior, earlier age of sexual activity, and substance use Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) in pregnancy health problems and death 50% increase risk; eclampsia, heart attack or heart failure, and sepsis infants: neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) other risk; toxemia, low birth weight, respiratory complications, third trimester bleeding and mortality, postnatal growth deficiency, microcephaly, neurobehavioral problems, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) State Policies on substance use during pregnancy may involve: authorizing civil commitment criminalizing the behavior as child abuse or neglect requiring providers to notify child protective services when an infant is affected by illegal substance abuse requiring providers to report or test for prenatal drug exposure, which is permissible evidence in child-welfare proceedings Substance Use Risk Profile-Pregnancy scale (SURP-P) and 4P's Plus Validated screening tools for substance use during pregnancy The U.S. Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) and ACOG have recommended what screening tool for SUD in prenatal period? Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) approach bipolar depression treatment during pregnancy and considerations? Valproic acid and carbamazepine are teratogenic and should be avoided during pregnancy. Lamotrigine is safe during pregnancy for but not effective for manic episodes. Lithium small risk for cardiac malformations but risk increase is based on dose (higher dose, higher risk) What are the risks associated with olanzapine and quetiapine during pregnancy? Increased risk of gestational diabetes and large for gestational age infants. What additional risk is associated with olanzapine during pregnancy? Increased risk of musculoskeletal malformations in infants.