Test Bank for Human Learning, 8th Edition by Jeanne Ormrod, Jeanne Ellis Ormrod|9780134893662| All Chapters 1-15| LATEST

Test Bank for Human Learning, 8th Edition by Jeanne Ormrod, Jeanne Ellis Ormrod|9780134893662| All Chapters 1-15| LATEST


Test Bank for Human Learning, 8th Edition by Jeanne Ormrod,
Jeanne Ellis Ormrod|9780134893662| All Chapters 1-15| LATEST

, CHAPTERh1
PERSPECTIVEShONhLEARNING

MultiplehChoicehQuestions

Humanhbeingshundoubtedlyhlearnhmorehduringhthehcoursehofhahlifetimehtha
nhanyhotherhspecieshonhearth.hThehmajorhresulthofhthishcapacityhtohlearnhishthat
g



:
Newhinstinctshbeginhtohemerge.
Humanhthoughthbecomeshlesshlogicalhwithheachhgeneration
g




.hHumanshcanhbenefithfromhtheirhexperiences.
Humansharehthehonlyhspecieshwhosehbehaviorhcannothbehanalyzedhi
nhtermshofhstimulihandhresponses.
g




Threehofhthehfollowingharehexampleshofhlearning.hWhichhonehishnot?
Abigailhcrieshwhenhshehstepshonhahsharphpebble.
Afterhmanyhhourshofhheatedhdebate,hBrianhbeginshtohadvocat
ehpoliticalhpracticeshhehhashpreviouslyhopposed.
g




Carahsuddenlyhrecognizeshhowhthehdivisionhfacth―24h’h4h=h6‖hishrelate
dhtohthehmultiplicationhfacth―6hxh4h=h24.‖
g




DavidhhashbeenhrunninghawayhfromhGermanhshepherdsheverhsincehh
ehwashbittenhbyhahGermanhshepherdhtwohyearshago.
g




Reyneldahhashtroublehtracinghahcomplexhshapehwithhahpencilhwhenhshehishi
nhkindergarten,hbuthshehcanhdohithquitehwellhbyhthehtimehshehishinhsecondhgrad
g



e.hIshthishanhinstancehofhlearning?
g




Yes,hbecausehherhbehaviorhhashchanged.
gNo,hbecausehthehcircumstancesharehtoohdissimilar.
Maybe,halthoughhthehchangehmayhsimplyhbehdueht
gohphysiologicalhmaturation.
Maybe,hbuthonlyhifhshehishbeinghreinforcedhforhtracinghaccurately.




2

, Chapter 1 – Perspectives on Learning
g g g g g




Threehofhthehfollowinghillustratehvarioushwayshthathlearninghmighth behreflect
g



edhinhahperson‘shbehavior.hWhichhonehofhthehfollowinghchangeshdoeshnothnecess
g



arilyhreflecthlearning?
g




Althoughhit‘shahschoolhnight,hDeanhplayshvideohgameshuntilhwellhpasthh
ishusualhbedtime.hAshhehbecomeshmorehtired,hhehfindshithincreasinglyhdif
g



ficulthtohconcentratehonhwhathhe‘shdoing.
g




Evenhashahyounghchild,hJerryhcouldhtellhyouhthathhishgrandparent
shimmigratedhtohthehUnitedhStateshfromhIreland.hButhafterhahconv
g



ersationhwithhhishgrandmother,hhehcanhnowhdescribehthehcircums
g



tanceshofhthehfamily‘shimmigrationhinhconsiderablehdetail.
g




Dayhafterhday,hMartinhpracticeshhishbasketballhskillsh (shooting,hdribblin
g



g,hetc.)honhahbasketballhcourthathahlocalhpark.hWithheachhpracticehsession
g



,hhishmovementshbecomehfasterhandhsmoother.
Lewishoccasionallyhaskshforhhelphwhenhhehhashdifficultyhwithhhishclass
work,hbuthmosthofhthehtimehhehjusthstruggleshquietlyhonhhishown.hAfter
g



hhishteacherhassureshhimhthathaskinghforhhelphishnothahsignhofhweakness
horhinability,hhehbeginshaskinghforhhelphmuchhmorehfrequently.
g




h researchhexamineshlearninghinhtightlyhcontrolledhsettingshand
h researchhexamineshlearninghinhreal-worldhsettings.
Applied;hBasichBasi
c;hQualitativehQualit
g




ative;hAppliedhBasic
g




;hApplied

Ahprinciplehofhlearninghcanhbesthbehcharacterizedhas:
Ahdescriptionhofhthehresultshofhahparticularhresearchhstudy
g




Ahstatemenththathdescribeshhowhahparticularhfactorhaffectshlearning
g




Thehmeasurementhofhhowhmuchhlearninghhashoccurredhinhah
gparticularhsituation
Anhexplanationhofhthehunderlyinghprocesseshthroughhwhichhlearninghoccurs

Ahtheoryhofhlearninghcanhbesthbehcharacterizedhas:
Ahdescriptionhofhthehresultshofhahparticularhresearchhstudy
g




Ahstatemenththathdescribeshhowhahparticularhfactorhaffectshlearning
g




Thehmeasurementhofhhowhmuchhlearninghhashoccurredhinhah
gparticularhsituation
Anhexplanationhofhthehunderlyinghprocesseshthroughhwhichhlearninghoccurs




3

, Chapter 1 – Perspectives on Learning
g g g g g




Threehofhthehfollowingharehprincipleshofhlearning.hWhichhonehishahtheory
ofhlearninghratherhthanhahprinciple?
g




Ahbehaviorhthathishfollowedhbyhpunishmenthdecreaseshinhfrequency.
Peoplehlearnhbyhmakinghmentalhassociationshbetweenhnewhinformatio
gnhandhtheirhexistinghknowledge.
Ahresponsehthathishrewardedheveryhtimehithoccurshincreaseshmor
gehrapidlyhthanhahresponsehthathishonlyhoccasionallyhrewarded.
Studentshtendhtohrememberhmorehofhahlecturehifhtheyhtakehnoteshonht
ghehlecture‘shcontent.

Whichhonehofhthehfollowinghcommonhsayingshbesthreflectshthehconce
pthofhintrospection?
g




―Wherehthere‘shahwill,hthere‘shahway.‖
―Nothinghventured,hnothinghgained.‖
―Ahpennyhforhyourhthoughts.‖
―Oldhhabitshdiehhard.‖

Whichhonehofhthehfollowinghcommonhsayingshbesthreflectshthehbasi
chpremisehunderlyinghsocialhlearninghtheory?
g




―Monkeyhsee,hmonkeyhdo.‖
―Sparehthehrodhandhspoilhthehchild.‖
―Ahfriendhinhneedhishahfriendhindeed.‖
―Ahrollinghstonehgathershnohmoss.‖

Whichhonehofhthehfollowinghstatementshprovideshthehmosthcrediblehexpla
nationhforhthehfacththathhumanhbeingshseemhtohsurpasshallhotherhanimalhspe
g



cieshinhtheirhthinkinghandhlearninghcapacities?
g




Onlyhhumanhbeingshhavehthehcapabilityhtohmakehtools.
Humanshcommunicatehregularlyhwithhonehanotherhand,hinhdoinghs
g o,hpasshalonghwhaththey‘vehlearnedhtohfuturehgenerations.
Humanhbeingshhavehahhugehrepertoirehofhinstinctualhbehaviorshfro
g mhwhichhtheyhcanhdrawhwhenhtheyhencounterhnewhexperiences.
Humanhbrainsharehsmallerhthanhthosehofhotherhintelligenthspeciesh(e.g.,
helephants,hdolphins)handhthereforehcanhtransmithmessageshmorehquick
lyhandhefficiently.




4