BIOLOGY 1108 UNIT 4 EXAM UGA
PUCKO NEW 2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH THOROUGH
SOLUTIONS – GUARANTEED SUCCESS
What hormone is centrally involved in the definition of diabetes?
✔✔ Diabetes is a condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively
produce or utilize insulin.
What specific metabolic changes occur when a person has diabetes?
✔✔ The disorder leads to the abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, which
results in excessively high concentrations of glucose in both the bloodstream
and urine.
What is a major similarity between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
✔✔ While the underlying causes of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes differ, they
both manifest with the same clinical symptoms.
How is the prevalence of diabetes currently categorized in the United States?
✔✔ Diabetes is recognized as the fastest-growing chronic disease in the U.S.
How does diabetes fundamentally alter the body's processing of energy?
✔✔ At its core, diabetes is a metabolic disorder that disrupts the specific ways
in which glucose is transported through the body and metabolized for energy.
,What are the four primary categories of macromolecules found in living
organisms?
✔✔ The four essential macromolecules are carbohydrates, nucleic acids,
proteins, and healthy lipids (fats).
What are the basic building blocks of polymers called?
✔✔ Polymers are subdivided into simpler, individual units known as
monomers.
How is a polymer defined in a biological context?
✔✔ A polymer is a complex, large-scale molecule created by the chemical
bonding of numerous repeating monomers.
polymers -ANSWER✔✔made of repeating molecules
carbohydrates -ANSWER✔✔the starches and sugars present in foods
starch, cellulose, glycogen -ANSWER✔✔What are 3 examples of polymers of
carbohydrates / polysaccharides?
glucose, fructose, dimers -ANSWER✔✔What are 3 examples of monomers of
carbohydrates?
amylase -ANSWER✔✔enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose (in
carbohydrates)
,fatty acids -ANSWER✔✔Fats and lipids are broken down into ___________
_______________.
fats and lipids -ANSWER✔✔Long molecules made up primarily of carbon and
hydrogen; used to store energy in the body
saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid -ANSWER✔✔2 kinds of fatty acids
Saturated has more calories/potential energy because it contains as many
hydrogens as possible along its chain and more CH bonds = more energy -
ANSWER✔✔Does saturated or unsaturated fatty acid contain more
stored/potential energy/calories?
saturated fatty acids -ANSWER✔✔Do saturated or unsaturated fatty acids have a
higher melting point?
unsaturated fatty acid -ANSWER✔✔Does a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid
have double bonds?
R groups -ANSWER✔✔In digestion of proteins, ____________ change behavior
and the amino acid.
amino acids -ANSWER✔✔Proteins break down into...
small intestine -ANSWER✔✔Monomers and polymers are absorbed in the...
, small intestine -ANSWER✔✔The only organ in which absorption of nutrition
occurs
large intestine -ANSWER✔✔reabsorbs all water in digestive tract
mechanical, chemical -ANSWER✔✔What are the two types of digestion?
enzymes -ANSWER✔✔In digestion, these all function to split polymers
(molecules with multiple subunits) into monomers or dimers (molecules with one
or two subunits)
polymers -ANSWER✔✔molecules with multiple subunits
dimers -ANSWER✔✔molecules with one or two subunits
enzymes -ANSWER✔✔proteins made of intricately folded chains of amino acids;
shape dictates their structure and function
catalysts -ANSWER✔✔enzymes act as ______________- for reactions
catalyst -ANSWER✔✔Proteins that bring other molecules/substrates or hold them
in positions that make it 'easier' to form a product from them
temperature -ANSWER✔✔The rate at which enzymes facilitate chemical reactions
is based on...
PUCKO NEW 2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH THOROUGH
SOLUTIONS – GUARANTEED SUCCESS
What hormone is centrally involved in the definition of diabetes?
✔✔ Diabetes is a condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively
produce or utilize insulin.
What specific metabolic changes occur when a person has diabetes?
✔✔ The disorder leads to the abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, which
results in excessively high concentrations of glucose in both the bloodstream
and urine.
What is a major similarity between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
✔✔ While the underlying causes of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes differ, they
both manifest with the same clinical symptoms.
How is the prevalence of diabetes currently categorized in the United States?
✔✔ Diabetes is recognized as the fastest-growing chronic disease in the U.S.
How does diabetes fundamentally alter the body's processing of energy?
✔✔ At its core, diabetes is a metabolic disorder that disrupts the specific ways
in which glucose is transported through the body and metabolized for energy.
,What are the four primary categories of macromolecules found in living
organisms?
✔✔ The four essential macromolecules are carbohydrates, nucleic acids,
proteins, and healthy lipids (fats).
What are the basic building blocks of polymers called?
✔✔ Polymers are subdivided into simpler, individual units known as
monomers.
How is a polymer defined in a biological context?
✔✔ A polymer is a complex, large-scale molecule created by the chemical
bonding of numerous repeating monomers.
polymers -ANSWER✔✔made of repeating molecules
carbohydrates -ANSWER✔✔the starches and sugars present in foods
starch, cellulose, glycogen -ANSWER✔✔What are 3 examples of polymers of
carbohydrates / polysaccharides?
glucose, fructose, dimers -ANSWER✔✔What are 3 examples of monomers of
carbohydrates?
amylase -ANSWER✔✔enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose (in
carbohydrates)
,fatty acids -ANSWER✔✔Fats and lipids are broken down into ___________
_______________.
fats and lipids -ANSWER✔✔Long molecules made up primarily of carbon and
hydrogen; used to store energy in the body
saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid -ANSWER✔✔2 kinds of fatty acids
Saturated has more calories/potential energy because it contains as many
hydrogens as possible along its chain and more CH bonds = more energy -
ANSWER✔✔Does saturated or unsaturated fatty acid contain more
stored/potential energy/calories?
saturated fatty acids -ANSWER✔✔Do saturated or unsaturated fatty acids have a
higher melting point?
unsaturated fatty acid -ANSWER✔✔Does a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid
have double bonds?
R groups -ANSWER✔✔In digestion of proteins, ____________ change behavior
and the amino acid.
amino acids -ANSWER✔✔Proteins break down into...
small intestine -ANSWER✔✔Monomers and polymers are absorbed in the...
, small intestine -ANSWER✔✔The only organ in which absorption of nutrition
occurs
large intestine -ANSWER✔✔reabsorbs all water in digestive tract
mechanical, chemical -ANSWER✔✔What are the two types of digestion?
enzymes -ANSWER✔✔In digestion, these all function to split polymers
(molecules with multiple subunits) into monomers or dimers (molecules with one
or two subunits)
polymers -ANSWER✔✔molecules with multiple subunits
dimers -ANSWER✔✔molecules with one or two subunits
enzymes -ANSWER✔✔proteins made of intricately folded chains of amino acids;
shape dictates their structure and function
catalysts -ANSWER✔✔enzymes act as ______________- for reactions
catalyst -ANSWER✔✔Proteins that bring other molecules/substrates or hold them
in positions that make it 'easier' to form a product from them
temperature -ANSWER✔✔The rate at which enzymes facilitate chemical reactions
is based on...
