Pathophysiology EXAM 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ity20h
1. Immune Disorders Disorders caused by dysfunction of the immune system, leading to inade-
quate or excessive immune responses.
2. Immunodeficiency Impaired immune function leading to increased susceptibility to infections.
Disorders
3. Primary Immunodefi- Genetic causes (e.g., severe combined immunodeficiency [SCID]).
ciency(congenital)
4. Secondary Immunod- Caused by infections (e.g., HIV), malnutrition, or treatments (e.g.,
eficiency(aquired) chemotherapy).
5. Clinical Features Recurrent infections, poor wound healing, increased risk of opportunistic
of Immunodeficiency infections.
Disorders
6. Hypersensitivity Dis- Exaggerated or inappropriate immune response to an antigen.
orders
7. Type I Hypersensitivi- IgE-mediated (e.g., allergies, anaphylaxis).
ty(immediate)
8. Type II Hypersensitiv- Antibody-mediated (e.g., hemolytic anemia).
ity(cytotoxic)
9. Type III Hypersen- Immune complex deposition (e.g., lupus).
sitivity(immune com-
plex)
10. Type IV Hypersensi- T-cell mediated (e.g., contact dermatitis, tuberculosis skin test).
tivity(delayed)
11. Transplantation Im- Immune response against transplanted organs or tissues.
munopathology
, Pathophysiology EXAM 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ity20h
12. Transplantation -hyperacute, acute, and chronic
Immunopathology:
types of rejection
13. Hyperacute Rejection Immediate; mediated by pre-formed antibodies.
14. Acute Rejection Weeks to months; T-cell mediated.
15. Chronic Rejection Months to years; fibrosis and vascular damage.
16. Autoimmune Dis- Immune system attacks self-antigens, causing tissue damage.
eases
17. Examples of Autoim- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 dia-
mune Diseases betes mellitus (T1DM), multiple sclerosis (MS).
18. Pathophysiology of Loss of self-tolerance, involvement of autoantibodies and autoreactive T
Autoimmune Dis- cells.
eases
19. HIV/AIDS HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection leading to acquired immun-
odeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
20. Stages of HIV/AIDS Acute infection, clinical latency, AIDS (CD4 count < 200 cells/µL or presence
of AIDS-defining illnesses).
21. Early Stage Clini- Flu-like symptoms (fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy).
cal Manifestations of
HIV/AIDS
, Pathophysiology EXAM 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ity20h
22. Chronic Stage Clini- Opportunistic infections (e.g., candidiasis, tuberculosis), weight loss,
cal Manifestations of chronic diarrhea.
HIV/AIDS
23. AIDS Stage Clini- Severe opportunistic infections (e.g., PCP, CMV), AIDS-associated cancers
cal Manifestations of (e.g., Kaposi's sarcoma), neurological complications.
HIV/AIDS
24. Diagnosis of Antibody/antigen testing (e.g., ELISA, Western blot), viral load testing,
HIV/AIDS CD4+ T cell count.
25. Management of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) 1. suppresses viral replication and restores
HIV/AIDS immune function. 2. combination therapy
26. Prevention of Safe practices (e.g., condom use, needle exchange programs), pre-expo-
HIV/AIDS sure prophylaxis (PrEP), post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
27. What are the two Innate immunity and adaptive immunity.
main types of immu-
nity?
28. What is innate immu- The natural resistance with which a person is born, providing immediate,
nity? non-specific defense.
29. What is adaptive im- Second line of defense, responding less rapidly than innate but more
munity? effectively. Develops after exposure to antigens(memory)
30. What are the physical Skin and mucosa.
barriers of innate im-
munity?
31. What are the chemi- Acidic pH and enzymes.
cal barriers of innate
immunity?
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ity20h
1. Immune Disorders Disorders caused by dysfunction of the immune system, leading to inade-
quate or excessive immune responses.
2. Immunodeficiency Impaired immune function leading to increased susceptibility to infections.
Disorders
3. Primary Immunodefi- Genetic causes (e.g., severe combined immunodeficiency [SCID]).
ciency(congenital)
4. Secondary Immunod- Caused by infections (e.g., HIV), malnutrition, or treatments (e.g.,
eficiency(aquired) chemotherapy).
5. Clinical Features Recurrent infections, poor wound healing, increased risk of opportunistic
of Immunodeficiency infections.
Disorders
6. Hypersensitivity Dis- Exaggerated or inappropriate immune response to an antigen.
orders
7. Type I Hypersensitivi- IgE-mediated (e.g., allergies, anaphylaxis).
ty(immediate)
8. Type II Hypersensitiv- Antibody-mediated (e.g., hemolytic anemia).
ity(cytotoxic)
9. Type III Hypersen- Immune complex deposition (e.g., lupus).
sitivity(immune com-
plex)
10. Type IV Hypersensi- T-cell mediated (e.g., contact dermatitis, tuberculosis skin test).
tivity(delayed)
11. Transplantation Im- Immune response against transplanted organs or tissues.
munopathology
, Pathophysiology EXAM 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ity20h
12. Transplantation -hyperacute, acute, and chronic
Immunopathology:
types of rejection
13. Hyperacute Rejection Immediate; mediated by pre-formed antibodies.
14. Acute Rejection Weeks to months; T-cell mediated.
15. Chronic Rejection Months to years; fibrosis and vascular damage.
16. Autoimmune Dis- Immune system attacks self-antigens, causing tissue damage.
eases
17. Examples of Autoim- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 dia-
mune Diseases betes mellitus (T1DM), multiple sclerosis (MS).
18. Pathophysiology of Loss of self-tolerance, involvement of autoantibodies and autoreactive T
Autoimmune Dis- cells.
eases
19. HIV/AIDS HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection leading to acquired immun-
odeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
20. Stages of HIV/AIDS Acute infection, clinical latency, AIDS (CD4 count < 200 cells/µL or presence
of AIDS-defining illnesses).
21. Early Stage Clini- Flu-like symptoms (fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy).
cal Manifestations of
HIV/AIDS
, Pathophysiology EXAM 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ity20h
22. Chronic Stage Clini- Opportunistic infections (e.g., candidiasis, tuberculosis), weight loss,
cal Manifestations of chronic diarrhea.
HIV/AIDS
23. AIDS Stage Clini- Severe opportunistic infections (e.g., PCP, CMV), AIDS-associated cancers
cal Manifestations of (e.g., Kaposi's sarcoma), neurological complications.
HIV/AIDS
24. Diagnosis of Antibody/antigen testing (e.g., ELISA, Western blot), viral load testing,
HIV/AIDS CD4+ T cell count.
25. Management of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) 1. suppresses viral replication and restores
HIV/AIDS immune function. 2. combination therapy
26. Prevention of Safe practices (e.g., condom use, needle exchange programs), pre-expo-
HIV/AIDS sure prophylaxis (PrEP), post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
27. What are the two Innate immunity and adaptive immunity.
main types of immu-
nity?
28. What is innate immu- The natural resistance with which a person is born, providing immediate,
nity? non-specific defense.
29. What is adaptive im- Second line of defense, responding less rapidly than innate but more
munity? effectively. Develops after exposure to antigens(memory)
30. What are the physical Skin and mucosa.
barriers of innate im-
munity?
31. What are the chemi- Acidic pH and enzymes.
cal barriers of innate
immunity?
