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Ultrafiltration (UF): - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Fluid pushed through the semipermeable
membrane (SPM) membrane
Convection: - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Solutes dragged across SPM along with fluid
Hyperkalemia: - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** > 6.5 mEq Symptoms: extreme muscle
weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, and possible cardiac arrest
Hypokalemia: - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** < 3.5 mEq Symptoms: fatigue, muscle
weakness, paralysis, and respiratory failure, cardiac instability, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest
Normal blood pH range is - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** 7.35-7.45.
What are the kidneys' endocrine functions? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Renin secretion,
Erythropoietin secretion, Vitamin D activation
,What are the most common causes of CKD in the USA? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** •
Diabetes
• Hypertension
• Polycystic Kidney Disease
Signs & Symptoms of fluid imbalance - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Hypertension
• Edema
• Shortness of Breath
A common cause of hypertension in dialysis patients is - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** • fluid
overload
What does hypertension lead to? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** • Left Ventricular
Hypertrophy
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy leads to: - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** • ischemic heart
disease, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and sudden death
Why are dialysis patients anemic? The life span of their red blood cell is 60 days or
approximately ½ of normal 120 days. - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Primary cause: Lack of
the hormone erythropoietin (EPO)
Secondary causes: Inadequate iron stores, inadequate dialysis, malnutrition, blood loss
during treatment
What are the four key elements contributing to CKD-Mineral Bone Disorder (MBD)? -
SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** • Calcium, Phosphorus, PTH, Vitamin D (Calcitriol)
- All lead to CKD-MBD when they are abnormal
, Pre-renal causes of AKI - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Obstruction, Volume Depletion,
Impaired Cardiac Function
Intra-renal causes of AKI - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Ischemic ATN, Sepsis, SIRS,
Septic Shock, Anaphylaxis Drugs, Goodpasture Syndrome, Acute Glomerulonephritis,
Trauma, Open Heart Surgery
Post-renal causes of AKI - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** Obstruction, Oliguric, Bladder
rupture, Pregnancy
Explain the difference between AKI and CKD - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** • Eliminating
the cause of the AKI can often lead to the return of kidney function
• You cannot eliminate the cause of CKD which is HTN, Diabetes, genetic disorders (PKD)
What are V-tags and why are they important? - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** • They state
specific regulations to be met within a condition such as infection control, providing
interpretive guidance for each regulation and citing deficiencies by tag #
The manual conductivity value must match +/- 0.4 mS on the Fresenius (FMC) 2008K and
K2 dialysis delivery system displayed conductivity. Checking independent conductivity is
NOT required when using the Fresenius 2008T or T BlueStar models or B Braun
hemodialysis machines.
T or F - SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** T
What is "strikethrough" of an external pressure transducer and why is it of concern? -
SELECTED ANSWER 👀 ** • It is when fluid could have entered the machine and