STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 RATED A
Multidimensional Perspective --PRECISE ANSWER--how cognitive, biological, and
socioemotional development influence each other
Multidimensionally speaking, if a young boy breaks his leg how will he not develop according to
Piaget? --PRECISE ANSWER--He will not be able to develop cognitively because he can't move
to experience the world around him
What are two examples of how growth expands and shrinks? --PRECISE ANSWER--Fluid
intelligence, Crystallized intelligence
When does fluid intelligence peak? --PRECISE ANSWER--In early adulthood, then declines
When does crystallized intelligence increase --PRECISE ANSWER--continuously
Plastic perspective --PRECISE ANSWER--the capacity for change
When is a growth mindset most prevalent? --PRECISE ANSWER--In middle childhood because
they are aware that they can change and develop.
Memory training --PRECISE ANSWER--in older adults it can grow their cognitive abilities
Multidisciplinary discipline --PRECISE ANSWER--Any field of study that finds interest in and
studies human life and development
Contextual development --PRECISE ANSWER--Every part of development happens in some type of
context
,3 Influences of contextual development --PRECISE ANSWER--normative age, normative history,
non-normative
Normative age --PRECISE ANSWER--growth and development specific to a certain age (graduation)
Normative history --PRECISE ANSWER--A person acts a certain way because they grew up
during the Great Depression.
Non-Normative life events --PRECISE ANSWER--specific to one person, effects their
development. (death of a parent at a young age)
5 Types of perspectives --PRECISE ANSWER--Psychoanalytical, Cognitive, Behavioral, Ecological,
Ethological
Psychoanalytical Theorists --PRECISE ANSWER--Freud, Erickson
Behavioral theorists --PRECISE ANSWER--Skinner, Bandura
Cognitive theorists --PRECISE ANSWER--Piaget, Vgotsky
Ecological Theorist --PRECISE ANSWER--Bronfenbrenner
Ethological perspective --PRECISE ANSWER--Behavior is strongly influenced by biology
and evolution. Characterized by specific periods of development.
Psychoanalytical perspective --PRECISE ANSWER---Unconscious forces
- early experiences
both shape development
Cognitive perspective --PRECISE ANSWER--social and cultural interaction guide development
, Behavioral perspective --PRECISE ANSWER--we can only study what can be directly observed and
measures.
Ecological perspective --PRECISE ANSWER--environmental systems have several layers
Information Processing --PRECISE ANSWER--cognitive theory that states how people process
information, thoughts, memory, and language
Who is famous for his psychoanalytic theory? --PRECISE ANSWER--Erick Erickson
Erickson states that development is: --PRECISE ANSWER--Social and reflects a desire to affiliate
with other people
How many psycho social stages are there? --PRECISE ANSWER--8
Erickson believes that personality is shaped in the first ____ years of life --PRECISE ANSWER--5
Discontinuity --PRECISE ANSWER--development happens in stages and not all at once
What are Erickson's stages of development? --PRECISE ANSWER---Trust vs. Mistrust
-Autonomy vs. Shame / guilt
-Initiative vs. guilt
-Industry vs. Inferiority
-Identity vs. Role Confusion
-Intimacy vs. Isolation
-Generativity vs. Stagnation
-Integrity vs. despair
-Trust vs. Mistrust --PRECISE ANSWER--First year. warmth / constant care