Professor Talat Masood Bio.Deptt.CCH
O-Level 5090: Plant Nutrition
Lesson Objectives:
6.1 Photosynthesis
1. Understand that photosynthesis is the process by which plants make carbohydrates from raw materials using
energy from light
2. State that chlorophyll is a green pigment that is found in chloroplasts
3. State that chlorophyll transfers light energy into chemical energy for the formation of glucose and other
carbohydrates
4. Outline the subsequent use and storage of the carbohydrates made in photosynthesis, limited to:(a)starch as an
energy store
5. (b)cellulose to build cell walls
6. (c)glucose used in respiration to provide energy
7. (d)sucrose for transport through the plant
8. State the word equation and balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis
9. Investigate the need for chlorophyll, light and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, using appropriate controls
10. Describe and explain the effect of varying light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on the
rate of photosynthesis
11. Investigate the effect of varying light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on the rate of
photosynthesis using submerged aquatic plants and hydrogencarbonate indicator solution
12. Identify and explain the limiting factors of photosynthesis in different environmental conditions
6.2 Leaf structure
1. State that most leaves have a large surface area and are thin, and explain how these features are adaptations for
photosynthesis
2. Identify and label the cuticle, cellular and tissue structures of a dicotyledonous leaf, as seen in diagrams or
photomicrographs, and explain how these structures are adaptations for photosynthesis and gas exchange, limited
to:
(a)stomata and guard cells
(b)spongy and palisade mesophyll cells
(c)air spaces
(d)vascular bundles (xylem and phloem)
(e)distribution of chloroplasts
(f)upper and lower epidermis
6.3 Mineral Nutrition
1. Explain the importance of nitrate ions for making amino acids, required for the production of proteins
2. Explain the importance of magnesium ions for making chlorophyll
3. Plant nutrition involves the processes by which plants obtain and use nutrients for growth and development. A
key process is photosynthesis, where plants make their own food.
, Professor Talat Masood Bio.Deptt.CCH
1. Photosynthesis
Definition: The process by which green plants synthesize carbohydrates (e.g., glucose) from carbon
dioxide and water using light energy.
Word Equation:
Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen
(in the presence of light and chlorophyll)
Balanced Chemical Equation:
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Chlorophyll: A green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy from the sun.
, Professor Talat Masood Bio.Deptt.CCH
Process:
o Occurs in chloroplasts, mainly in leaf cells.
o Water is absorbed from the soil by roots; carbon dioxide enters through stomata.
o Light energy, absorbed by chlorophyll, converts CO₂ and H₂O into glucose, releasing oxygen as
a byproduct.
2. Use and Storage of Carbohydrates
Glucose (produced in photosynthesis):
o Used in respiration to release energy for chemical reactions (e.g., protein synthesis).
o Converted to starch for storage in roots, stems, and leaves.
o Converted to cellulose to build cell walls.
o Converted to sucrose for transport in the phloem to non-photosynthetic parts.
o Used as nectar to attract insects for pollination.
O-Level 5090: Plant Nutrition
Lesson Objectives:
6.1 Photosynthesis
1. Understand that photosynthesis is the process by which plants make carbohydrates from raw materials using
energy from light
2. State that chlorophyll is a green pigment that is found in chloroplasts
3. State that chlorophyll transfers light energy into chemical energy for the formation of glucose and other
carbohydrates
4. Outline the subsequent use and storage of the carbohydrates made in photosynthesis, limited to:(a)starch as an
energy store
5. (b)cellulose to build cell walls
6. (c)glucose used in respiration to provide energy
7. (d)sucrose for transport through the plant
8. State the word equation and balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis
9. Investigate the need for chlorophyll, light and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, using appropriate controls
10. Describe and explain the effect of varying light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on the
rate of photosynthesis
11. Investigate the effect of varying light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on the rate of
photosynthesis using submerged aquatic plants and hydrogencarbonate indicator solution
12. Identify and explain the limiting factors of photosynthesis in different environmental conditions
6.2 Leaf structure
1. State that most leaves have a large surface area and are thin, and explain how these features are adaptations for
photosynthesis
2. Identify and label the cuticle, cellular and tissue structures of a dicotyledonous leaf, as seen in diagrams or
photomicrographs, and explain how these structures are adaptations for photosynthesis and gas exchange, limited
to:
(a)stomata and guard cells
(b)spongy and palisade mesophyll cells
(c)air spaces
(d)vascular bundles (xylem and phloem)
(e)distribution of chloroplasts
(f)upper and lower epidermis
6.3 Mineral Nutrition
1. Explain the importance of nitrate ions for making amino acids, required for the production of proteins
2. Explain the importance of magnesium ions for making chlorophyll
3. Plant nutrition involves the processes by which plants obtain and use nutrients for growth and development. A
key process is photosynthesis, where plants make their own food.
, Professor Talat Masood Bio.Deptt.CCH
1. Photosynthesis
Definition: The process by which green plants synthesize carbohydrates (e.g., glucose) from carbon
dioxide and water using light energy.
Word Equation:
Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen
(in the presence of light and chlorophyll)
Balanced Chemical Equation:
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Chlorophyll: A green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy from the sun.
, Professor Talat Masood Bio.Deptt.CCH
Process:
o Occurs in chloroplasts, mainly in leaf cells.
o Water is absorbed from the soil by roots; carbon dioxide enters through stomata.
o Light energy, absorbed by chlorophyll, converts CO₂ and H₂O into glucose, releasing oxygen as
a byproduct.
2. Use and Storage of Carbohydrates
Glucose (produced in photosynthesis):
o Used in respiration to release energy for chemical reactions (e.g., protein synthesis).
o Converted to starch for storage in roots, stems, and leaves.
o Converted to cellulose to build cell walls.
o Converted to sucrose for transport in the phloem to non-photosynthetic parts.
o Used as nectar to attract insects for pollination.
