PHYSICS 165 MODULE 9 FINAL PAPER
2026 COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ net external force. Answer: the vector sum of all forces acting on an
object that have agents that are outside of the system
⩥ Newton's Second Law of Motion. Answer: (Law of Acceleration) 1)
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net external
force acting on an object.
2) The acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to the mass of
the object.
3) The acceleration of the object is in the same direction as the net
external force.
⩥ How to calculate net force?. Answer: F(net) = ma
⩥ Newton's Third Law of Motion. Answer: (Law of Interaction) For
every force that acts on object 1 from object 2, there exists another force
from object 1 that acts on object 2 that is equal in magnitude and
opposite in the direction of the first force.
⩥ force of gravity. Answer: also known as weight, measure of the
gravitational pull on an object
,⩥ relationship b/w mass and weight?. Answer: The more mass an object
has, the more weight it has if the object is in a gravitational field - mass
measured in kg, weight measured in N (W = mg)
⩥ normal force. Answer: force exerted from any surface (the agent) onto
an object that is pressing against the given surface (N, measured in
Newtons)
⩥ tension force. Answer: force that is exerted by ropes, wires, and
chains when they pull on objects (T, measured in Newtons)
⩥ elasticity. Answer: the ability of an object to return to its original size
and shape after a distorting force is removed
⩥ Hooke's Law. Answer: the restoring force is directly proportional to
the amount of deformation of an object. This deformation can either
stretch the object or compress the object (F = -k(delta)x)
⩥ how to determine the spring constant?. Answer: to determine the
spring constant of a spring is to hang a known weight from the spring
and to measure how much longer the spring becomes once it reaches
equilibrium. The weight of the hanging object is equal to the restoring
force.
,⩥ friction. Answer: force acting on an object that resists motion
⩥ surface friction. Answer: resistive force that happens when one object
slides or tries to slide across another. Surface friction always acts
parallel to the surfaces in contact with each other and in the opposite
direction to the motion or attempted motion.
⩥ types of surface friction. Answer: kinetic and static friction
⩥ kinetic friction. Answer: resistive force that occurs when the two
surfaces do slide across each other, aka sliding friction
⩥ static friction. Answer: resistive force that occurs when one object
attempts to slide across another object, but there is no relative motion
(starting friction)
⩥ what is amount of surface friction dependent on?. Answer: (1) the
type of surface friction, (2) the materials in contact, and (3) the normal
force between them.
⩥ which is larger, kinetic or static friction?. Answer: static friction is
larger than kinetic friction
⩥ kinetic friction equation. Answer: (Fk = μkN) Fk is the kinetic friction
force in Newtons. μk is the coefficient of kinetic friction, which has no
, unit. N is the normal force acting between the two surfaces, which is
usually the weight of an object. The numerical value of the coefficient is
dependent on the type of material in contact. This equation is used any
time an object slides across another object.
⩥ static friction equation. Answer: (Fs max is less than or equal to μsN),
Fs max is the maximum static friction force in Newtons. μs is the
coefficient of static friction, which has no units. N is the normal force
acting between the two surfaces, usually the weight of an object. The
numerical value of the coefficient is dependent on the type of material in
contact. This equation is used any time an object attempts to slides
across another object but does not actually move.
⩥ uniform circular motion. Answer: a model of motion for any object
that is moving in a circle at a constant speed.
⩥ centripetal acceleration. Answer: inward acceleration of an object in
uniform circular motion
⩥ tangential speed. Answer: speed associated with circular motion that
is directed along the tangent of the circle
⩥ centripetal acceleration equation. Answer: a=v^2/r
2026 COMPLETE SOLUTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ net external force. Answer: the vector sum of all forces acting on an
object that have agents that are outside of the system
⩥ Newton's Second Law of Motion. Answer: (Law of Acceleration) 1)
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net external
force acting on an object.
2) The acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to the mass of
the object.
3) The acceleration of the object is in the same direction as the net
external force.
⩥ How to calculate net force?. Answer: F(net) = ma
⩥ Newton's Third Law of Motion. Answer: (Law of Interaction) For
every force that acts on object 1 from object 2, there exists another force
from object 1 that acts on object 2 that is equal in magnitude and
opposite in the direction of the first force.
⩥ force of gravity. Answer: also known as weight, measure of the
gravitational pull on an object
,⩥ relationship b/w mass and weight?. Answer: The more mass an object
has, the more weight it has if the object is in a gravitational field - mass
measured in kg, weight measured in N (W = mg)
⩥ normal force. Answer: force exerted from any surface (the agent) onto
an object that is pressing against the given surface (N, measured in
Newtons)
⩥ tension force. Answer: force that is exerted by ropes, wires, and
chains when they pull on objects (T, measured in Newtons)
⩥ elasticity. Answer: the ability of an object to return to its original size
and shape after a distorting force is removed
⩥ Hooke's Law. Answer: the restoring force is directly proportional to
the amount of deformation of an object. This deformation can either
stretch the object or compress the object (F = -k(delta)x)
⩥ how to determine the spring constant?. Answer: to determine the
spring constant of a spring is to hang a known weight from the spring
and to measure how much longer the spring becomes once it reaches
equilibrium. The weight of the hanging object is equal to the restoring
force.
,⩥ friction. Answer: force acting on an object that resists motion
⩥ surface friction. Answer: resistive force that happens when one object
slides or tries to slide across another. Surface friction always acts
parallel to the surfaces in contact with each other and in the opposite
direction to the motion or attempted motion.
⩥ types of surface friction. Answer: kinetic and static friction
⩥ kinetic friction. Answer: resistive force that occurs when the two
surfaces do slide across each other, aka sliding friction
⩥ static friction. Answer: resistive force that occurs when one object
attempts to slide across another object, but there is no relative motion
(starting friction)
⩥ what is amount of surface friction dependent on?. Answer: (1) the
type of surface friction, (2) the materials in contact, and (3) the normal
force between them.
⩥ which is larger, kinetic or static friction?. Answer: static friction is
larger than kinetic friction
⩥ kinetic friction equation. Answer: (Fk = μkN) Fk is the kinetic friction
force in Newtons. μk is the coefficient of kinetic friction, which has no
, unit. N is the normal force acting between the two surfaces, which is
usually the weight of an object. The numerical value of the coefficient is
dependent on the type of material in contact. This equation is used any
time an object slides across another object.
⩥ static friction equation. Answer: (Fs max is less than or equal to μsN),
Fs max is the maximum static friction force in Newtons. μs is the
coefficient of static friction, which has no units. N is the normal force
acting between the two surfaces, usually the weight of an object. The
numerical value of the coefficient is dependent on the type of material in
contact. This equation is used any time an object attempts to slides
across another object but does not actually move.
⩥ uniform circular motion. Answer: a model of motion for any object
that is moving in a circle at a constant speed.
⩥ centripetal acceleration. Answer: inward acceleration of an object in
uniform circular motion
⩥ tangential speed. Answer: speed associated with circular motion that
is directed along the tangent of the circle
⩥ centripetal acceleration equation. Answer: a=v^2/r
