1. Principles of Management
Management: Getting work done through others efficiently.
Functions: Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing, Controlling.
Levels: Top, Middle, Lower management.
2. Business Environment
Meaning: Internal and external factors affecting business.
Types: Internal (employees, management), External (economic, social, political, technological,
legal).
3. Financial Accounting
Accounting: Recording and analysing business transactions.
Accounting Equation: Assets = Capital + Liabilities.
4. Marketing Management
Marketing: Satisfying customer needs profitably.
4 Ps: Product, Price, Place, Promotion.
5. Human Resource Management
HRM: Managing people in an organisation.
Functions: Recruitment, Training, Motivation, Salary, Appraisal.
6. Business Economics
Economics: Study of resource use.
Types: Microeconomics, Macroeconomics.
7. Business Communication
Communication: Exchange of information.
Types: Verbal, Non-verbal, Written.
8. Business Law
Contract: Agreement enforceable by law.
Essentials: Offer, Acceptance, Lawful consideration, Free consent.