D
(Chp 09) 1. Radiation-induced cataracts in humans follow a ______ dose-
response relationship.
a. nonthreshold, nonlinear
b. nonthreshold, linear
c. threshold, linear
d. threshold, nonlinear
A
(Chp 09) 2. Studies of Japanese atomic bomb survivors demonstrate that the
incidence of leukemia has _______________ since the late 1940s and early 1950s
and the incidence of solid tumors has continued to ___________since the late
1950s and early 1960s.
a. slowly declined; escalate
b. increased rapidly; decrease
c. increased slowly; decrease
d. rapidly declined; decrease
D
(Chp 09) 3. To assess the magnitude and severity of late effects on the exposed
population from the 1986 nuclear power station accident at Chernobyl
a. follow-up is not necessary because the radiation received by the entire
exposed population was fatal.
b. minimal follow-up is only necessary because the exposed population did not
receive sufficient radiation exposure to cause severe late effects.
c. short-term follow-up studies are necessary.
d. long-term follow-up studies are necessary.
C
(Chp 09) 4. Which of the following late effects caused by exposure to ionizing
radiation is considered to be most important?
a. Cataract formation
b. Embryologic or birth defects
,c. Cancer
d. None; all are considered to be of equal importance.
A
(Chp 09) 5. The human body can incorporate radium into bone because it is
chemically similar to
a. calcium.
b. potassium.
c. phosphorus.
d. sodium.
B
(Chp 09) 6. During the 1950s and 1960s, the Navajo people of Arizona and New
Mexico who mined uranium for fuel for nuclear weapons and power plants
developed lung cancer years after their exposure. This provides an example of
which of the following?
a. Early tissue reactions
b. Late stochastic effects
c. Late tissue reactions
d. Late genetic effects
A
(Chp 09) 7. Laboratory experiments with mice prove that cataracts may be
induced with doses of ionizing radiation as low as ____ Gy (____ rads)
a. 0.1 Gyt. / 10 rads
b. 0.01 Gyt. / 1 rads
c. 0.5 Gyt. / 50 rads
d. 0.05 Gyt. / 5 rads
A
(Chp 09) 8. In which of the following human populations is the risk for causing a
radiation-induced cancer not directly measurable?
1. All patients in diagnostic radiology subjected to a radiation dose below 0.1 Sv
2. Chernobyl radiation accident victims living in contaminated villages
3. Atomic bomb survivors
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 2 and 3 only
,C
(Chp 09) 9. Mutations in genes and DNA that occur at random as natural
phenomena are called
a. carcinogenic mutations.
b. sporadic mutations.
c. spontaneous mutations.
d. stochastic mutations.
B
(Chp 09) 19. Radiation-induced abnormalities are caused by unrepaired damage
to
a. all stem cells in the human body.
b. DNA molecules in the sperm or ova of an adult.
c. epithelial cells in the human body.
d. somatic cells in the human body.
A
(Chp 09) 20. Some mutations in genetic material occur spontaneously, without a
known cause. In humans, a hereditary disorder is present in approximately
_________ of all live births in the United States.
a. 10%
b. 20%
c. 25%
d. 30%
C
(Chp 09) 21. Currently, evidence of radiation-induced hereditary effects has not
been observed in persons employed in diagnostic imaging or in persons
undergoing radiologic examinations. Even with this information, it is still
recommended that
1. gonadal shielding be effectively used.
2. all radiation exposure be maintained as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA).
3. alternative procedures be substituted for x-ray procedures whenever
diagnostic information must be obtained.
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 1 and 2 only
d. 3 only
, D
(Chp 09) 22. Radium decays with a half-life of
a. 8 days.
b. 50 years.
c. 500 years.
d. 1622 years.
A
(Chp 09) 23. The term "linear nonthreshold curve" implies that the biologic
response to ionizing radiation is ____ the dose
a. directly proportional
b. inversely proportional
c. directly proportional to the square of
d. inversely proportional to the square of
A
(Chp 09) 25. Studies showed that postpartum patients treated with ionizing
radiation for relief of mastitis are a group of individuals in whom the results of
radiation exposure to healthy breast tissue via scattered radiation indicate that
radiation
a. can cause breast cancer.
b. cannot cause breast cancer.
c. can cause breast enlargement.
d. can cause breast shrinkage.
C
(Chp 09) 10. Existing data on radiation-induced genetic effects in humans
a. prove conclusively that radiation causes major genetic effects.
b. prove conclusively that radiation causes only minor genetic effects.
c. are both contradictory and inconclusive.
d. prove conclusively that radiation does not cause genetic effects.
D
(Chp 09) 11. When a prediction is made that the number of excess cancers rises
as the natural incidence of cancer increases with advancing age in the
population, the risk is considered to be
a. absolute.
b. excess.
(Chp 09) 1. Radiation-induced cataracts in humans follow a ______ dose-
response relationship.
a. nonthreshold, nonlinear
b. nonthreshold, linear
c. threshold, linear
d. threshold, nonlinear
A
(Chp 09) 2. Studies of Japanese atomic bomb survivors demonstrate that the
incidence of leukemia has _______________ since the late 1940s and early 1950s
and the incidence of solid tumors has continued to ___________since the late
1950s and early 1960s.
a. slowly declined; escalate
b. increased rapidly; decrease
c. increased slowly; decrease
d. rapidly declined; decrease
D
(Chp 09) 3. To assess the magnitude and severity of late effects on the exposed
population from the 1986 nuclear power station accident at Chernobyl
a. follow-up is not necessary because the radiation received by the entire
exposed population was fatal.
b. minimal follow-up is only necessary because the exposed population did not
receive sufficient radiation exposure to cause severe late effects.
c. short-term follow-up studies are necessary.
d. long-term follow-up studies are necessary.
C
(Chp 09) 4. Which of the following late effects caused by exposure to ionizing
radiation is considered to be most important?
a. Cataract formation
b. Embryologic or birth defects
,c. Cancer
d. None; all are considered to be of equal importance.
A
(Chp 09) 5. The human body can incorporate radium into bone because it is
chemically similar to
a. calcium.
b. potassium.
c. phosphorus.
d. sodium.
B
(Chp 09) 6. During the 1950s and 1960s, the Navajo people of Arizona and New
Mexico who mined uranium for fuel for nuclear weapons and power plants
developed lung cancer years after their exposure. This provides an example of
which of the following?
a. Early tissue reactions
b. Late stochastic effects
c. Late tissue reactions
d. Late genetic effects
A
(Chp 09) 7. Laboratory experiments with mice prove that cataracts may be
induced with doses of ionizing radiation as low as ____ Gy (____ rads)
a. 0.1 Gyt. / 10 rads
b. 0.01 Gyt. / 1 rads
c. 0.5 Gyt. / 50 rads
d. 0.05 Gyt. / 5 rads
A
(Chp 09) 8. In which of the following human populations is the risk for causing a
radiation-induced cancer not directly measurable?
1. All patients in diagnostic radiology subjected to a radiation dose below 0.1 Sv
2. Chernobyl radiation accident victims living in contaminated villages
3. Atomic bomb survivors
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 2 and 3 only
,C
(Chp 09) 9. Mutations in genes and DNA that occur at random as natural
phenomena are called
a. carcinogenic mutations.
b. sporadic mutations.
c. spontaneous mutations.
d. stochastic mutations.
B
(Chp 09) 19. Radiation-induced abnormalities are caused by unrepaired damage
to
a. all stem cells in the human body.
b. DNA molecules in the sperm or ova of an adult.
c. epithelial cells in the human body.
d. somatic cells in the human body.
A
(Chp 09) 20. Some mutations in genetic material occur spontaneously, without a
known cause. In humans, a hereditary disorder is present in approximately
_________ of all live births in the United States.
a. 10%
b. 20%
c. 25%
d. 30%
C
(Chp 09) 21. Currently, evidence of radiation-induced hereditary effects has not
been observed in persons employed in diagnostic imaging or in persons
undergoing radiologic examinations. Even with this information, it is still
recommended that
1. gonadal shielding be effectively used.
2. all radiation exposure be maintained as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA).
3. alternative procedures be substituted for x-ray procedures whenever
diagnostic information must be obtained.
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 1 and 2 only
d. 3 only
, D
(Chp 09) 22. Radium decays with a half-life of
a. 8 days.
b. 50 years.
c. 500 years.
d. 1622 years.
A
(Chp 09) 23. The term "linear nonthreshold curve" implies that the biologic
response to ionizing radiation is ____ the dose
a. directly proportional
b. inversely proportional
c. directly proportional to the square of
d. inversely proportional to the square of
A
(Chp 09) 25. Studies showed that postpartum patients treated with ionizing
radiation for relief of mastitis are a group of individuals in whom the results of
radiation exposure to healthy breast tissue via scattered radiation indicate that
radiation
a. can cause breast cancer.
b. cannot cause breast cancer.
c. can cause breast enlargement.
d. can cause breast shrinkage.
C
(Chp 09) 10. Existing data on radiation-induced genetic effects in humans
a. prove conclusively that radiation causes major genetic effects.
b. prove conclusively that radiation causes only minor genetic effects.
c. are both contradictory and inconclusive.
d. prove conclusively that radiation does not cause genetic effects.
D
(Chp 09) 11. When a prediction is made that the number of excess cancers rises
as the natural incidence of cancer increases with advancing age in the
population, the risk is considered to be
a. absolute.
b. excess.
