Which molecules in the human body are most commonly directly acted on by
ionizing radiation to produce molecular damage thru an indirect action? -
ANSWER d. Water
When significant numbers of lymphocytes are damaged by exposure from
ionizing radiation, the body:
1. Loses its natural ability to combat infection
2. Becomes more susceptible to bacteria
3. Becomes more susceptible to viral antigens - ANSWER d. 1, 2, and 3
With respect to the law of bergonie and tribondeau, which of the following would
best complete this statement? "the most pronounced radiation effects occur in
cells having the _______" - ANSWER c. Greatest reproductive activity, longest
mitotic phases, and least maturity
What do all basal cells of the skin, intestinal crypt cells, and reproductive cells
have in common? - ANSWER d. All cells are radiosensitive
Radiation damage is observed on which of the following levels? - ANSWER b.
Molecular, cellular, and organic
According to the target theory, if only a few non-DNA cell molecules are
destroyed by radiation exposure, the cell probably will: - ANSWER a. Not show
any evidence of injury after irradiation
Which of the following is useful for explaining cell death and nonfatal cell
abnormalities caused by exposure to radiation? - ANSWER d. Target theory
Which of the following describes the ratio of the radiation dose required to cause
a particular biologic response of cells or organisms in an oxygen-deprived
environment to the radiation dose required to cause an identical response under
oxygenated conditions? - ANSWER a. OER
Which of the following defines the ratio the dose of a reference (conventionally
250 kvp x-rays) to the dose of radiation of the type in question that is necessary
to produce the same biologic reaction in a given experiment? - ANSWER b. RBE
Because high-LET types of radiation deposit more energy per unit length of
biologic tissue traversed, they are: - ANSWER a. More destructive to biologic
matter than low-LET radiation
, Which of the following statements are true concerning molecular and cellular
radiation biology?
1. Radiation affects primarily the stem cells of the hematopoietic (blood forming)
system.
2. If radiation damages the germ cells, the damage may be passed on to future
generations in the form of genetic mutations.
3. Because hydrogen and hydroxyl ions usually recombine to form a normal
water molecule,
The existence of these ions as free agents in the human body is insignificant in
terms of biologic damage. - ANSWER d. 1, 2, and 3
LET is an important factor for: - ANSWER a. Assessing potential tissue and organ
damage from exposure to ionizing radiation
Molecular damage results in the formation of structurally: - ANSWER b. Changed
molecules that may impair cellular function
Why are repair enzymes usually able to reverse the cellular damage generally
caused by low-level ionizing radiation? - ANSWER a. Damage to DNA is sublethal
A hydroperoxyl radical (HO2*) is formed when a hydrogen free radical (H*)
combines with: - ANSWER c. Molecular oxygen (O2)
Immature ova are: - ANSWER d. Very radiosensitive
Referring to Exercise 5A, illustration of the Radiolysis of water, identify number
"3". - ANSWER c. Hydroxyl radical
Referring to Exercise 5A, illustration of the Radiolysis of water, identify number
"7". - ANSWER a. Hydrogen radical
Because even low doses of ionizing radiation from diagnostic imaging
procedures can cause chromosomal damage, which of the following should be
done whenever possible? - ANSWER c. Shield the reproductive organs
During the age of approximately 12 to 50, how many mature ova will a female
produce? - ANSWER d. 400 to 500
Direct action may occur after exposure to any type of radiation, but it is much
more likely to happen after exposure to: - ANSWER c. High-LET radiation such as
alpha particles
If bone marrow cells have not been destroyed by exposure to ionizing radiation,
they can: - ANSWER d. Repopulate after a period of recovery
ionizing radiation to produce molecular damage thru an indirect action? -
ANSWER d. Water
When significant numbers of lymphocytes are damaged by exposure from
ionizing radiation, the body:
1. Loses its natural ability to combat infection
2. Becomes more susceptible to bacteria
3. Becomes more susceptible to viral antigens - ANSWER d. 1, 2, and 3
With respect to the law of bergonie and tribondeau, which of the following would
best complete this statement? "the most pronounced radiation effects occur in
cells having the _______" - ANSWER c. Greatest reproductive activity, longest
mitotic phases, and least maturity
What do all basal cells of the skin, intestinal crypt cells, and reproductive cells
have in common? - ANSWER d. All cells are radiosensitive
Radiation damage is observed on which of the following levels? - ANSWER b.
Molecular, cellular, and organic
According to the target theory, if only a few non-DNA cell molecules are
destroyed by radiation exposure, the cell probably will: - ANSWER a. Not show
any evidence of injury after irradiation
Which of the following is useful for explaining cell death and nonfatal cell
abnormalities caused by exposure to radiation? - ANSWER d. Target theory
Which of the following describes the ratio of the radiation dose required to cause
a particular biologic response of cells or organisms in an oxygen-deprived
environment to the radiation dose required to cause an identical response under
oxygenated conditions? - ANSWER a. OER
Which of the following defines the ratio the dose of a reference (conventionally
250 kvp x-rays) to the dose of radiation of the type in question that is necessary
to produce the same biologic reaction in a given experiment? - ANSWER b. RBE
Because high-LET types of radiation deposit more energy per unit length of
biologic tissue traversed, they are: - ANSWER a. More destructive to biologic
matter than low-LET radiation
, Which of the following statements are true concerning molecular and cellular
radiation biology?
1. Radiation affects primarily the stem cells of the hematopoietic (blood forming)
system.
2. If radiation damages the germ cells, the damage may be passed on to future
generations in the form of genetic mutations.
3. Because hydrogen and hydroxyl ions usually recombine to form a normal
water molecule,
The existence of these ions as free agents in the human body is insignificant in
terms of biologic damage. - ANSWER d. 1, 2, and 3
LET is an important factor for: - ANSWER a. Assessing potential tissue and organ
damage from exposure to ionizing radiation
Molecular damage results in the formation of structurally: - ANSWER b. Changed
molecules that may impair cellular function
Why are repair enzymes usually able to reverse the cellular damage generally
caused by low-level ionizing radiation? - ANSWER a. Damage to DNA is sublethal
A hydroperoxyl radical (HO2*) is formed when a hydrogen free radical (H*)
combines with: - ANSWER c. Molecular oxygen (O2)
Immature ova are: - ANSWER d. Very radiosensitive
Referring to Exercise 5A, illustration of the Radiolysis of water, identify number
"3". - ANSWER c. Hydroxyl radical
Referring to Exercise 5A, illustration of the Radiolysis of water, identify number
"7". - ANSWER a. Hydrogen radical
Because even low doses of ionizing radiation from diagnostic imaging
procedures can cause chromosomal damage, which of the following should be
done whenever possible? - ANSWER c. Shield the reproductive organs
During the age of approximately 12 to 50, how many mature ova will a female
produce? - ANSWER d. 400 to 500
Direct action may occur after exposure to any type of radiation, but it is much
more likely to happen after exposure to: - ANSWER c. High-LET radiation such as
alpha particles
If bone marrow cells have not been destroyed by exposure to ionizing radiation,
they can: - ANSWER d. Repopulate after a period of recovery
