Pharmacology - NR 413 Exam 1 Questions With Complete
Solutions
what is the primary excretion route
kidneys and urine
kidneys can freely filter out what remnants of drugs
water soluble, free drugs, polar compounds, and ions
urine pH
4.5-8
passive reabsorption in the kidneys occurs where
tubule and glomerulus
albumin bond drugs do or do not enter the urine
do not because albumin is to large of a protein - thus, Ptoeine+
indicated kidney disease
Drugs can be absorbed from one site to another through which
processes? (Select all that apply)
a Many drugs pass through channels and pores
b By directly penetrating the lipid membrane
c With the assistance of a carrier protein or enzyme
d Only through passive diffusion
e Only through active transport
ABC
,Which one of these two agents would easily pass through the
lipid membrane?
Ionized Agent
Non-ionized Agent
non-ionized
If a weak acid drug (such as aspirin) is in an ___________
environment, it will "ionize"
Acidic Environment
Alkaline Environment
alkaline - it's 'neutralized"
Drug responses are Primary or Secondary
Primary is Therapeutic - desired //. Secondary (side effects) may
desirable but usually not
Warfarin (Coumadin) is a highly protein bound drug (99%). If
Coumadin is administered to a person who is malnourished,
what should the nurse anticipate? Why?
Excessive therapeutic response of the druge with excessive side
effects - malnurishment means less albumin so more free drug
and higher and faster reaction of drug
Dose-Response Relationship - explain
he physiologic response to a drug at the site of action (note:
potency does not equal efficacy). // Potency and Efficacy
give the 2 theories of drug-receptor interaction
1 - intensity of the drug response is proportional to the number
of receptor sites occupied by the drug
, 2 - each drug has a certain affinity that draws it to its receptor
site and their own intrinsic activity therefore influencing the
effect of a drug
Drug Specificity
fitting a receptor in a lock-key fashion
Drug Selectivity
it fits a select few receptors or any
agonist v antagonist
binds to turn on and mimic v binds to block
"onset" related to drug amin, peak and duration
time it takes to reach minimum efficacy, maximum, and length
Pharmacokinetic Interactions
hanges occurring in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
excretion
Pharmacodynamic Interactions - 3
Additive (1+1=2), Synergistic, (1+1=4) Antagonistic (1+1=0)
When assessing older adults and those with renal dysfunction,
the nurse knows that the excretion of drugs will be... up, down,
normal
decreased
A patient has liver and kidney disease. He is given a medication
with a half-life of 30 hours. The nurse expects the duration of
this medication to...
Solutions
what is the primary excretion route
kidneys and urine
kidneys can freely filter out what remnants of drugs
water soluble, free drugs, polar compounds, and ions
urine pH
4.5-8
passive reabsorption in the kidneys occurs where
tubule and glomerulus
albumin bond drugs do or do not enter the urine
do not because albumin is to large of a protein - thus, Ptoeine+
indicated kidney disease
Drugs can be absorbed from one site to another through which
processes? (Select all that apply)
a Many drugs pass through channels and pores
b By directly penetrating the lipid membrane
c With the assistance of a carrier protein or enzyme
d Only through passive diffusion
e Only through active transport
ABC
,Which one of these two agents would easily pass through the
lipid membrane?
Ionized Agent
Non-ionized Agent
non-ionized
If a weak acid drug (such as aspirin) is in an ___________
environment, it will "ionize"
Acidic Environment
Alkaline Environment
alkaline - it's 'neutralized"
Drug responses are Primary or Secondary
Primary is Therapeutic - desired //. Secondary (side effects) may
desirable but usually not
Warfarin (Coumadin) is a highly protein bound drug (99%). If
Coumadin is administered to a person who is malnourished,
what should the nurse anticipate? Why?
Excessive therapeutic response of the druge with excessive side
effects - malnurishment means less albumin so more free drug
and higher and faster reaction of drug
Dose-Response Relationship - explain
he physiologic response to a drug at the site of action (note:
potency does not equal efficacy). // Potency and Efficacy
give the 2 theories of drug-receptor interaction
1 - intensity of the drug response is proportional to the number
of receptor sites occupied by the drug
, 2 - each drug has a certain affinity that draws it to its receptor
site and their own intrinsic activity therefore influencing the
effect of a drug
Drug Specificity
fitting a receptor in a lock-key fashion
Drug Selectivity
it fits a select few receptors or any
agonist v antagonist
binds to turn on and mimic v binds to block
"onset" related to drug amin, peak and duration
time it takes to reach minimum efficacy, maximum, and length
Pharmacokinetic Interactions
hanges occurring in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
excretion
Pharmacodynamic Interactions - 3
Additive (1+1=2), Synergistic, (1+1=4) Antagonistic (1+1=0)
When assessing older adults and those with renal dysfunction,
the nurse knows that the excretion of drugs will be... up, down,
normal
decreased
A patient has liver and kidney disease. He is given a medication
with a half-life of 30 hours. The nurse expects the duration of
this medication to...
