CMMB 413 Exam Questions With Complete Solutions
2 major classes of repetitive DNA Correct Answers 1) clustered
tandem repeat families (satellite DNAs)
2) dispersed repetitive DNA families
2 possible mechanisms for isochromosome formation Correct
Answers mis-division through centromere
defective meiotic crossover (broken where crossing over takes
place)
3 dispersed repetitive DNA families and what are the differences
based on? Correct Answers 1) Alu family
2) LINE; Long Interspersed nUclear Element or L1 family
3) Segmental duplication family
- Differences based on length of repeats
4 examples of chromosomal structure abnormalities Correct
Answers Terminal deletion- 1 breakage at the end
interstitial deletion - deletion in the middle of the arm
insertion - one chromosome may lose a fragment and be inserted
into an interstitial space
Robertsonian translocation
4 hybridization techniques Correct Answers FISH (fluorescence
in situ hybridization)
SKY (spectral karyotyping)
CGH (comparative genome hybridization)
microarrays
,4 processes of genomic imprinting Correct Answers (1)
alteration in DNA methylation
(2) chromatin structure
(3) histone modification
(4) transcription factor binding to change genome structure and
achieve expression of only one allele without altering genetic
sequence
6 clinical indications for chromosomal disorders Correct
Answers (1) problems with early growth and development
- developmental delay
- physical malformations
- ambiguous genitalia
- mental retardation
(2) stillbirth and neonatal death
(3) fertility problems
(4) family history
- a known or suspected chromosome abnormality in a first-
degree relative
(5) neoplasia
- almost all cancer are associated with chromosomal defects
(6) pregnancy in women of advanced age
acrocentric chromosomes Correct Answers centromere near one
end
adjacent-1 segregation Correct Answers homologous
centromeres go to separate daughter cells
- N1 + T2 (reciprocal chromosomes, unbalanced)
- T1 + N2 (reciprocal chromosomes, unbalanced)
, adjacent-2 segregation Correct Answers homologous
centromeres go to the same daughter cell
- T1 + N1 (reciprocal chromosomes, unbalanced)
- N2 + T2 (reciprocal chromosomes, unbalanced)
Alternative segregation Correct Answers usual type of meiotic
segregation
- N1 +N2 (normal chromosomes, balanced)
- T1 + T2 (reciprocal chromosomes, balanced)
amenorrhea Correct Answers abnormal absence of menstruation
aneuploid Correct Answers any chromosome that is not an
exact multiple of the haploid number
aneuploidy Correct Answers abnormal number of chromosomes
in a cell, almost all cancer patients have aneuploidy, accounts
for half of 1% we see for live birth genetic disorders
Angelman Syndrome (4 characteristics) Correct Answers rare
dysmorphic syndrome
- unusual facial appearance
- short stature
- seizures
- severe mental retardation
Are all plasmids vectors? Correct Answers No
Are all vectors plasmids? Correct Answers Yes
2 major classes of repetitive DNA Correct Answers 1) clustered
tandem repeat families (satellite DNAs)
2) dispersed repetitive DNA families
2 possible mechanisms for isochromosome formation Correct
Answers mis-division through centromere
defective meiotic crossover (broken where crossing over takes
place)
3 dispersed repetitive DNA families and what are the differences
based on? Correct Answers 1) Alu family
2) LINE; Long Interspersed nUclear Element or L1 family
3) Segmental duplication family
- Differences based on length of repeats
4 examples of chromosomal structure abnormalities Correct
Answers Terminal deletion- 1 breakage at the end
interstitial deletion - deletion in the middle of the arm
insertion - one chromosome may lose a fragment and be inserted
into an interstitial space
Robertsonian translocation
4 hybridization techniques Correct Answers FISH (fluorescence
in situ hybridization)
SKY (spectral karyotyping)
CGH (comparative genome hybridization)
microarrays
,4 processes of genomic imprinting Correct Answers (1)
alteration in DNA methylation
(2) chromatin structure
(3) histone modification
(4) transcription factor binding to change genome structure and
achieve expression of only one allele without altering genetic
sequence
6 clinical indications for chromosomal disorders Correct
Answers (1) problems with early growth and development
- developmental delay
- physical malformations
- ambiguous genitalia
- mental retardation
(2) stillbirth and neonatal death
(3) fertility problems
(4) family history
- a known or suspected chromosome abnormality in a first-
degree relative
(5) neoplasia
- almost all cancer are associated with chromosomal defects
(6) pregnancy in women of advanced age
acrocentric chromosomes Correct Answers centromere near one
end
adjacent-1 segregation Correct Answers homologous
centromeres go to separate daughter cells
- N1 + T2 (reciprocal chromosomes, unbalanced)
- T1 + N2 (reciprocal chromosomes, unbalanced)
, adjacent-2 segregation Correct Answers homologous
centromeres go to the same daughter cell
- T1 + N1 (reciprocal chromosomes, unbalanced)
- N2 + T2 (reciprocal chromosomes, unbalanced)
Alternative segregation Correct Answers usual type of meiotic
segregation
- N1 +N2 (normal chromosomes, balanced)
- T1 + T2 (reciprocal chromosomes, balanced)
amenorrhea Correct Answers abnormal absence of menstruation
aneuploid Correct Answers any chromosome that is not an
exact multiple of the haploid number
aneuploidy Correct Answers abnormal number of chromosomes
in a cell, almost all cancer patients have aneuploidy, accounts
for half of 1% we see for live birth genetic disorders
Angelman Syndrome (4 characteristics) Correct Answers rare
dysmorphic syndrome
- unusual facial appearance
- short stature
- seizures
- severe mental retardation
Are all plasmids vectors? Correct Answers No
Are all vectors plasmids? Correct Answers Yes
