PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM 373 QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025/2026
when the drug is no longer available, the individual expresses physical signs of
discomfort. - CORRECT ANSWER Withdrawal
classified according to their potential for abuse - CORRECT ANSWER the purpose
of a controlled substance schedule
Schedule V (5) drugs have the lowest potential for abuse. - CORRECT ANSWER
which schedule is the least addictive
Schedule I drugs have the highest potential for abuse - CORRECT ANSWER which
schedule is the most addictive
Pregnancy X drugs - CORRECT ANSWER What is the most dangerous categories of
teratogenic?
- Pharmacokinetics= "how drugs move through the body".
- Pharmacodynamics= "How medicine changes the body" - CORRECT ANSWER
differentiate between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
1. crossing membranes
2. oral entry issue
,3. immune system
4. the kidney, large intestines
5. liver metabolisms - CORRECT ANSWER Pharmacokinetics
3 - CORRECT ANSWER Which of the following are the four categories of
pharmacokinetics?
1. Diffusion, active transport, interspersing, and storage
2. Ingestion, metabolism, interspersing, and excretion
3. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
4. Ingestion, settling, movement, and storage
3
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics describes how drugs are handled within the body.
Pharmacodynamics involves how drugs change the body. Diffusion is the
movement of a chemical from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration. Active transport is the movement of a chemical against
concentration or gradient. - CORRECT ANSWER Enzymatic activity that changes a
medication into a less active form is an example of
1. pharmacodynamics.
2. active transport.
3. pharmacokinetics.
4. diffusion.
,1. Dissolution rate determines how quickly the drug disintegrates and disperses
into simpler forms; therefore, drug formulation is an important factor of
bioavailability.
2. Drug formulation: Elixirs- fast absorption liquid formulations of an oral drug are
absorbed faster than tablets or capsules of the same drug.
3. Dose: high doses- fast and rapid onset
4. Route: IV fastest, oral safest, subcutaneous is slower than IM
5. Size of drug molecule: smaller faster
6. Surface area of the absorptive site: the bigger the faster
7. Digestive motility and/or blood flow
8. Lipid solubility: lipid soluble drugs are absorbed more quickly than water
soluble drugs.
9. pH: basic drugs are absorbed and distributed better in alkaline environments
such as in the small intestine. The pH of the local environment directly influences
drug absorption through its ability to ionize the drug.
, 10. Interactions with food or oath - CORRECT ANSWER examples of the absorption
factor that affect the pharmacokinetics of a medication
2
Rationale: Oral medications pass into the hepatoportal circulation and may be
completely metabolized before reaching the general circulation. This so-called
"first pass effect" may necessitate the use of higher dosages of oral medications to
achieve a therapeutic effect. None of the other routes, sublingual, rectal, or
intravenous, are affected by the "first-pass effect." - CORRECT ANSWER The nurse
administers medications by various routes of delivery. The nurse recognizes which
route of administration as requiring higher dosages of drugs to achieve a
therapeutic effect?
1. Intravenous route
2. Oral route
3. Rectal route
4. Sublingual route
- #1 factor is blood flow (think of the blood as the Vehicle and the drug as the
PACKAGE)
- Lipid solubility
- Affinity
- Protein binding: Albumin - CORRECT ANSWER examples of the distribution factor
that affect the pharmacokinetics of a medication
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025/2026
when the drug is no longer available, the individual expresses physical signs of
discomfort. - CORRECT ANSWER Withdrawal
classified according to their potential for abuse - CORRECT ANSWER the purpose
of a controlled substance schedule
Schedule V (5) drugs have the lowest potential for abuse. - CORRECT ANSWER
which schedule is the least addictive
Schedule I drugs have the highest potential for abuse - CORRECT ANSWER which
schedule is the most addictive
Pregnancy X drugs - CORRECT ANSWER What is the most dangerous categories of
teratogenic?
- Pharmacokinetics= "how drugs move through the body".
- Pharmacodynamics= "How medicine changes the body" - CORRECT ANSWER
differentiate between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
1. crossing membranes
2. oral entry issue
,3. immune system
4. the kidney, large intestines
5. liver metabolisms - CORRECT ANSWER Pharmacokinetics
3 - CORRECT ANSWER Which of the following are the four categories of
pharmacokinetics?
1. Diffusion, active transport, interspersing, and storage
2. Ingestion, metabolism, interspersing, and excretion
3. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
4. Ingestion, settling, movement, and storage
3
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics describes how drugs are handled within the body.
Pharmacodynamics involves how drugs change the body. Diffusion is the
movement of a chemical from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration. Active transport is the movement of a chemical against
concentration or gradient. - CORRECT ANSWER Enzymatic activity that changes a
medication into a less active form is an example of
1. pharmacodynamics.
2. active transport.
3. pharmacokinetics.
4. diffusion.
,1. Dissolution rate determines how quickly the drug disintegrates and disperses
into simpler forms; therefore, drug formulation is an important factor of
bioavailability.
2. Drug formulation: Elixirs- fast absorption liquid formulations of an oral drug are
absorbed faster than tablets or capsules of the same drug.
3. Dose: high doses- fast and rapid onset
4. Route: IV fastest, oral safest, subcutaneous is slower than IM
5. Size of drug molecule: smaller faster
6. Surface area of the absorptive site: the bigger the faster
7. Digestive motility and/or blood flow
8. Lipid solubility: lipid soluble drugs are absorbed more quickly than water
soluble drugs.
9. pH: basic drugs are absorbed and distributed better in alkaline environments
such as in the small intestine. The pH of the local environment directly influences
drug absorption through its ability to ionize the drug.
, 10. Interactions with food or oath - CORRECT ANSWER examples of the absorption
factor that affect the pharmacokinetics of a medication
2
Rationale: Oral medications pass into the hepatoportal circulation and may be
completely metabolized before reaching the general circulation. This so-called
"first pass effect" may necessitate the use of higher dosages of oral medications to
achieve a therapeutic effect. None of the other routes, sublingual, rectal, or
intravenous, are affected by the "first-pass effect." - CORRECT ANSWER The nurse
administers medications by various routes of delivery. The nurse recognizes which
route of administration as requiring higher dosages of drugs to achieve a
therapeutic effect?
1. Intravenous route
2. Oral route
3. Rectal route
4. Sublingual route
- #1 factor is blood flow (think of the blood as the Vehicle and the drug as the
PACKAGE)
- Lipid solubility
- Affinity
- Protein binding: Albumin - CORRECT ANSWER examples of the distribution factor
that affect the pharmacokinetics of a medication
