ASU BIO 340 EXAM 3 FINAL PAPER 2026
NEW EXAM GUIDE COMPLETE QUESTIONS
CORRECT ANSWERS
⩥ insertion. Answer: a mutation involving the addition of one or more
nucleotide pairs to a gene.
⩥ deletion. Answer: a change to a chromosome in which a fragment of
the chromosome is removed.
⩥ genetic drift. Answer: a change in the allele frequency of a population
as a result of chance events rather than natural selection.
⩥ gene flow (migration). Answer: movement of alleles from one
population to another
⩥ nonrandom mating. Answer: mating among individuals on the basis of
their phenotypic similarities or differences, rather than mating on a
random basis
⩥ point mutation. Answer: gene mutation involving changes in one or a
few nucleotides.
,⩥ degeneracy. Answer: redundancy of the genetic code; that is, most
amino acids are encoded by several codons
⩥ conditional mutation. Answer: a mutation that results in a
characteristic phenotype only under certain environmental conditions.
⩥ assortative mating. Answer: the type of mating that occurs when an
organism selects a mating partner that resembles itself
⩥ dissassortative mating. Answer: phenotypically different individuals
mate, producing an excess of heterozygotes
⩥ genetic variance. Answer: diversity of alleles and genotypes in a
population
⩥ inbreeding. Answer: breeding from closely related people or animals,
especially over many generations.
⩥ analogy. Answer: similarity of function and superficial resemblance of
structures that have different origins (e.g. wings of a fly, moth and bird)
⩥ homoplasy. Answer: when a trait has been gained or lost
independently in separate lineages over the course of evolution
, ⩥ phylogenetic tree. Answer: a family tree that shows the evolutionary
relationships thought to exist among groups of organisms
⩥ cladistic approach. Answer: a method for constructing a phylogenetic
tree that is based on identifying the unique traits of each monophyletic
group.
⩥ clades. Answer: a group of organisms believed to have evolved from a
common ancestor, according to the principles of cladistics.
⩥ monophyletic group. Answer: a taxonomic grouping that includes an
ancestral species and all of its descendants.
⩥ ancestral characteristics. Answer: characteristics that have arisen in
organisms as a result of common evolutionary descent
⩥ derived characteristics. Answer: characteristics that appear in recent
parts of a lineage but not in its older members
⩥ maximum parsimony. Answer: "Occam's Razor"
a principle that states that when considering multiple explanations for an
observation, one should first investigate the simplest explanation that is
consistent with the facts.
NEW EXAM GUIDE COMPLETE QUESTIONS
CORRECT ANSWERS
⩥ insertion. Answer: a mutation involving the addition of one or more
nucleotide pairs to a gene.
⩥ deletion. Answer: a change to a chromosome in which a fragment of
the chromosome is removed.
⩥ genetic drift. Answer: a change in the allele frequency of a population
as a result of chance events rather than natural selection.
⩥ gene flow (migration). Answer: movement of alleles from one
population to another
⩥ nonrandom mating. Answer: mating among individuals on the basis of
their phenotypic similarities or differences, rather than mating on a
random basis
⩥ point mutation. Answer: gene mutation involving changes in one or a
few nucleotides.
,⩥ degeneracy. Answer: redundancy of the genetic code; that is, most
amino acids are encoded by several codons
⩥ conditional mutation. Answer: a mutation that results in a
characteristic phenotype only under certain environmental conditions.
⩥ assortative mating. Answer: the type of mating that occurs when an
organism selects a mating partner that resembles itself
⩥ dissassortative mating. Answer: phenotypically different individuals
mate, producing an excess of heterozygotes
⩥ genetic variance. Answer: diversity of alleles and genotypes in a
population
⩥ inbreeding. Answer: breeding from closely related people or animals,
especially over many generations.
⩥ analogy. Answer: similarity of function and superficial resemblance of
structures that have different origins (e.g. wings of a fly, moth and bird)
⩥ homoplasy. Answer: when a trait has been gained or lost
independently in separate lineages over the course of evolution
, ⩥ phylogenetic tree. Answer: a family tree that shows the evolutionary
relationships thought to exist among groups of organisms
⩥ cladistic approach. Answer: a method for constructing a phylogenetic
tree that is based on identifying the unique traits of each monophyletic
group.
⩥ clades. Answer: a group of organisms believed to have evolved from a
common ancestor, according to the principles of cladistics.
⩥ monophyletic group. Answer: a taxonomic grouping that includes an
ancestral species and all of its descendants.
⩥ ancestral characteristics. Answer: characteristics that have arisen in
organisms as a result of common evolutionary descent
⩥ derived characteristics. Answer: characteristics that appear in recent
parts of a lineage but not in its older members
⩥ maximum parsimony. Answer: "Occam's Razor"
a principle that states that when considering multiple explanations for an
observation, one should first investigate the simplest explanation that is
consistent with the facts.
