NURS 143 Electrolyte Imbalances- REVIEW Questions With Complete Solutions

NURS 143 Electrolyte Imbalances- REVIEW Questions
With Complete Solutions

Fluid Volume Deficits (FVD)

Disease and risk factors? Correct Answers 3 types:

Isotonic dehydration
Hypertonic dehydration
Hypotonic dehydration

Fluid Volume Deficits (FVD)

How is it diagnosed? Correct Answers Less than 275 mOsm/kg
of water.

Fluid Volume Deficits (FVD)

What happens? Correct Answers -Caused by GI losses
(nasogastric suction, vomiting, diarrhea)
-Kidney disease
-Misuse of diuretics
-Hemorrhage
-Fever, environment heat, initial burns, third space shifts.

Fluid Volume Deficits (FVD)

What will I do?
Nursing Interventions Correct Answers -I&Os, daily weights,
VS, orthostatic BP

,-turgor, -skin vs tongue, mucous membranes, urine output,
mental

Correct underlying cause; start w/ least invasive but most
appropriate:
-Fluid replacement for all FVD. Replace with isotonic solution.
-Oral care.

Fluid Volume Deficits (FVD)

What will I see?
Signs and Symptoms Correct Answers Assessment findings

CV:
- Increase pulse rate
- Decrease BP, postural
- Flat neck and hand veins in dependent positions
- Diminished peripheral pulses
- Decrease CVA

Respiratory:
- Increased rate and depth of respirations
-Dyspnea

Neuromuscular:
- Decreased CNS, from lethargy to coma
- Fever
- Muscle weakness

Renal:
- Decreased urine output

, Integumentary:
- Dry skin
- Poor turgor, tenting
- Dry mouth

GI:
- Decreased motility and bowel tones
- Constipation
- Thirst

Laboratory Findings:
-↑ serum osmolality
-↑ hematocrit
-↑ blood urea nitrogen
-↑ serum sodium level
-↑ urinary specific gravity

Fluid Volume Excess (FVE)

Disease and risk factors? Correct Answers Causes:

Isotonic overhydration
Hypotonic overhydration
Heart failure
High cortisol/aldosterone
ADH excretion
Excessive intake of free water

Fluid Volume Excess (FVE)