SOCIOLOGY CLEP UPDATED EFINALS PAPER QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Death rate - ✔✔The number of deaths per 1,000 population in a given year. Also
known as the crude death rate.
✔✔Defended neighborhood - ✔✔A neighborbood that residents identify through defined
community borders and through a perception that adjacent areas are geographically
separate and socially different.
✔✔Degradation ceremony - ✔✔An aspect of the socialization process within total
institutions, in which people are subjected to humiliating rituals.
✔✔Deindustrialization - ✔✔The systematic, widespread withdrawal of investment in
basic aspects of productivity such as factories and plants.
✔✔Demographic transition - ✔✔A term used to describe the change from high
birthrates and death rates to relatively low birthrates and death rates.
✔✔Demography - ✔✔The scientific study of population.
✔✔Denomination - ✔✔A large, organized religion not officially linked with the state or
government.
✔✔Dependency theory - ✔✔An approach that contends that industrialized nations
continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain.
✔✔Dependent variable - ✔✔The variable in a causal relationship that is subject to the
influence of another variable.
✔✔Deviance - ✔✔Behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a
group or society.
✔✔Differential association - ✔✔A theory of deviance proposed by Edwin Sutherland
that holds that violation of rules results from exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal
acts.
✔✔Diffusion - ✔✔The process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or
society to society.
✔✔Discovery - ✔✔The process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect
of reality.
,✔✔Discrimination - ✔✔The process of denying opportunities and equal rights to
individuals and groups because of prejudice or other arbitrary reasons.
✔✔Disengagement theory - ✔✔A functionalist theory of aging introduced by Cumming
and Henry that contends that society and the aging individual mutually sever many of
their relationships.
✔✔Domestic partnership - ✔✔Two unrelated adults who have chosen to share one
another's lives in a relationship of mutual caring, who reside together, and who agree to
be jointly responsible for their dependents, basic living expenses, and other common
necessities.
✔✔Dominant ideology - ✔✔A set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain
powerful social, economic, and political interests.
✔✔Downsizing - ✔✔Reductions taken in a company's workforce as part of
deindustrialization.
✔✔Dramaturgical approach - ✔✔A view of social interaction, popularized by Erving
Goffman, under which people are examined as if they were theatrical performers.
✔✔Dyad - ✔✔A two-member group.
✔✔Dysfunction - ✔✔An element or a process of society that may disrupt a social
system or lead to a decrease in stability.
✔✔Ecclesia - ✔✔A religious organization that claims to include most or all of the
members of a society and is recognized as the national or official religion.
✔✔E-commerce - ✔✔Numerous ways that people with access to the Internet can do
business from their computers.
✔✔Economic system - ✔✔The social institution through which goods and services are
produced, distributed, and consumed.
✔✔Education - ✔✔A formal process of learning in which some people consciously
teach while others adopt the social role of learner.
✔✔Egalitarian family - ✔✔An authority pattern in which the adult members of the family
are regarded as equals.
✔✔Elite model - ✔✔A view of society as ruled by a small group of individuals who share
a common set of political and economic interests.
, ✔✔Endogamy - ✔✔The restriction of mate selection to people within the same group.
✔✔Environmental justice - ✔✔A legal strategy based on claims that racial minorities are
subjected disproportionately to environmental hazards.
✔✔Equilibrium model - ✔✔Talcott Parsons's functionalist view of society as tending
toward a state of stability or balance.
✔✔Established sect - ✔✔A religious group that is the outgrowth of a sect, yet remains
isolated from society.
✔✔Esteem - ✔✔The reputation that a particular individual has earned within an
occupation.
✔✔Ethnic group - ✔✔A group that is set apart from others because of its national origin
or distinctive cultural patterns.
✔✔Ethnocentrism - ✔✔The tendency to assume that one's culture and way of life
represent the norm or are superior to all others.
✔✔Ethnography - ✔✔The study of an entire social setting through extended systematic
observation.
✔✔Evolutionary theory - ✔✔A theory of social change that holds that society is moving
in a definite direction.
✔✔Exogamy - ✔✔The requirement that people select mates outside certain groups.
✔✔Experiment - ✔✔An artificially created situation that allows the researcher to
manipulate variables.
✔✔Experimental group - ✔✔Subjects in an experiment who are exposed to an
independent variable introduced by a researcher.
✔✔Exploitation theory - ✔✔A Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the
United States as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism.
✔✔Expressiveness - ✔✔A term used by Parsons and Bales to refer to concern for
maintenance of harmony and the internal emotional affairs of the family.
✔✔Extended family - ✔✔A family in which relatives--such as grandparents, aunts, or
uncles--live in the same home as parents and their children.
AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Death rate - ✔✔The number of deaths per 1,000 population in a given year. Also
known as the crude death rate.
✔✔Defended neighborhood - ✔✔A neighborbood that residents identify through defined
community borders and through a perception that adjacent areas are geographically
separate and socially different.
✔✔Degradation ceremony - ✔✔An aspect of the socialization process within total
institutions, in which people are subjected to humiliating rituals.
✔✔Deindustrialization - ✔✔The systematic, widespread withdrawal of investment in
basic aspects of productivity such as factories and plants.
✔✔Demographic transition - ✔✔A term used to describe the change from high
birthrates and death rates to relatively low birthrates and death rates.
✔✔Demography - ✔✔The scientific study of population.
✔✔Denomination - ✔✔A large, organized religion not officially linked with the state or
government.
✔✔Dependency theory - ✔✔An approach that contends that industrialized nations
continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain.
✔✔Dependent variable - ✔✔The variable in a causal relationship that is subject to the
influence of another variable.
✔✔Deviance - ✔✔Behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a
group or society.
✔✔Differential association - ✔✔A theory of deviance proposed by Edwin Sutherland
that holds that violation of rules results from exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal
acts.
✔✔Diffusion - ✔✔The process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or
society to society.
✔✔Discovery - ✔✔The process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect
of reality.
,✔✔Discrimination - ✔✔The process of denying opportunities and equal rights to
individuals and groups because of prejudice or other arbitrary reasons.
✔✔Disengagement theory - ✔✔A functionalist theory of aging introduced by Cumming
and Henry that contends that society and the aging individual mutually sever many of
their relationships.
✔✔Domestic partnership - ✔✔Two unrelated adults who have chosen to share one
another's lives in a relationship of mutual caring, who reside together, and who agree to
be jointly responsible for their dependents, basic living expenses, and other common
necessities.
✔✔Dominant ideology - ✔✔A set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain
powerful social, economic, and political interests.
✔✔Downsizing - ✔✔Reductions taken in a company's workforce as part of
deindustrialization.
✔✔Dramaturgical approach - ✔✔A view of social interaction, popularized by Erving
Goffman, under which people are examined as if they were theatrical performers.
✔✔Dyad - ✔✔A two-member group.
✔✔Dysfunction - ✔✔An element or a process of society that may disrupt a social
system or lead to a decrease in stability.
✔✔Ecclesia - ✔✔A religious organization that claims to include most or all of the
members of a society and is recognized as the national or official religion.
✔✔E-commerce - ✔✔Numerous ways that people with access to the Internet can do
business from their computers.
✔✔Economic system - ✔✔The social institution through which goods and services are
produced, distributed, and consumed.
✔✔Education - ✔✔A formal process of learning in which some people consciously
teach while others adopt the social role of learner.
✔✔Egalitarian family - ✔✔An authority pattern in which the adult members of the family
are regarded as equals.
✔✔Elite model - ✔✔A view of society as ruled by a small group of individuals who share
a common set of political and economic interests.
, ✔✔Endogamy - ✔✔The restriction of mate selection to people within the same group.
✔✔Environmental justice - ✔✔A legal strategy based on claims that racial minorities are
subjected disproportionately to environmental hazards.
✔✔Equilibrium model - ✔✔Talcott Parsons's functionalist view of society as tending
toward a state of stability or balance.
✔✔Established sect - ✔✔A religious group that is the outgrowth of a sect, yet remains
isolated from society.
✔✔Esteem - ✔✔The reputation that a particular individual has earned within an
occupation.
✔✔Ethnic group - ✔✔A group that is set apart from others because of its national origin
or distinctive cultural patterns.
✔✔Ethnocentrism - ✔✔The tendency to assume that one's culture and way of life
represent the norm or are superior to all others.
✔✔Ethnography - ✔✔The study of an entire social setting through extended systematic
observation.
✔✔Evolutionary theory - ✔✔A theory of social change that holds that society is moving
in a definite direction.
✔✔Exogamy - ✔✔The requirement that people select mates outside certain groups.
✔✔Experiment - ✔✔An artificially created situation that allows the researcher to
manipulate variables.
✔✔Experimental group - ✔✔Subjects in an experiment who are exposed to an
independent variable introduced by a researcher.
✔✔Exploitation theory - ✔✔A Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the
United States as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism.
✔✔Expressiveness - ✔✔A term used by Parsons and Bales to refer to concern for
maintenance of harmony and the internal emotional affairs of the family.
✔✔Extended family - ✔✔A family in which relatives--such as grandparents, aunts, or
uncles--live in the same home as parents and their children.
