SOCIOLOGY CLEP UPDATED EXAM QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Gender conflict - ✔✔Social inequalities between men and women
✔✔Macro example - ✔✔Structural functionalism focuses on how large structures fit
together
Conflict theories looks at how society defines sources of inequality and conflict
✔✔Symbolic interactions - ✔✔Micro example. Understands society as the product of
everyday social interactions. Interested in understanding the shared reality that people
create through their interactions
✔✔Max Weber - ✔✔Book of "understanding" or Verstechen. Believed sociology needed
to focus on people's individual social situations and the meaning attached to them
✔✔empirical evidence - ✔✔Verifiable info that's collected in a systematic way
✔✔Scientific Method - ✔✔Question about the world and then develop a testable theory
about how you could answer that question
✔✔Positivism - ✔✔Laid out by Auguste Comte. Argues that phenomena can be studied
trough direct observation and that these observations can be pulled together into
theories or facts that can help us understand how the world works
✔✔Positive theory - ✔✔Objective and fact-based
✔✔Normative theory - ✔✔Subjective and value-based
✔✔Sociological inquiry - ✔✔1. Positivist sociology—the study of society based on
systematic observations of social behavior. *objective* Neutral observations and
empirical evidence
✔✔quantative research - ✔✔The study of observable relationships in the world, using
mathematical or statistical methods, count or tally up (measures)
✔✔Descriptive date - ✔✔Describes facts, relevant to the question you're researching
✔✔Median - ✔✔Absolute middle observation in the sample
✔✔Mean - ✔✔Sum of all values divided by the number of observations
, ✔✔Qualitative data - ✔✔Information that's not in numerical form. Descriptions of the
world gathered through interviews, questionnaires and 1st hand observations (illustrate
or characterize)
✔✔Hawthorne effect - ✔✔Influence of an observer on the behavior of her participants
✔✔subjective - ✔✔An idea that's built on your own experiences and feelings
✔✔2. Interpretative sociology - ✔✔The study of society that focuses on the meanings
that people attach to their social world. (Why this behavior?)
✔✔3. Critical sociology - ✔✔Study of society that focuses on the need for social change
✔✔Jane Addams - ✔✔Hull house—example of critical sociology. Poverty and causes
✔✔Research method - ✔✔A systematic plan for gathering and analyzing observations
about the world
✔✔Hypothesis - ✔✔A statement of a possible relationship between 2 variables
✔✔Measurement - ✔✔What value a variable takes on
✔✔independent variable - ✔✔The variable that we think is affecting the change in how
people describe themselves
✔✔dependent variable - ✔✔Variables that you believe are affected by changes in your
independent variables
✔✔Correlation - ✔✔What happens when 2 variables move together
✔✔4 ways sociologists collect data - ✔✔Experiments, surveys, participant observation,
and existing resources
✔✔1. Experiments - ✔✔Experimental groups with humans and a control group
✔✔Survey - ✔✔Ask a set of questions to get responses of a specific group of people
"people of interest"
✔✔Sample - ✔✔Smaller group that represents the population
✔✔participant observation - ✔✔Research done "in the field". Observe people by joining
them in their daily routines (ethnography)
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Gender conflict - ✔✔Social inequalities between men and women
✔✔Macro example - ✔✔Structural functionalism focuses on how large structures fit
together
Conflict theories looks at how society defines sources of inequality and conflict
✔✔Symbolic interactions - ✔✔Micro example. Understands society as the product of
everyday social interactions. Interested in understanding the shared reality that people
create through their interactions
✔✔Max Weber - ✔✔Book of "understanding" or Verstechen. Believed sociology needed
to focus on people's individual social situations and the meaning attached to them
✔✔empirical evidence - ✔✔Verifiable info that's collected in a systematic way
✔✔Scientific Method - ✔✔Question about the world and then develop a testable theory
about how you could answer that question
✔✔Positivism - ✔✔Laid out by Auguste Comte. Argues that phenomena can be studied
trough direct observation and that these observations can be pulled together into
theories or facts that can help us understand how the world works
✔✔Positive theory - ✔✔Objective and fact-based
✔✔Normative theory - ✔✔Subjective and value-based
✔✔Sociological inquiry - ✔✔1. Positivist sociology—the study of society based on
systematic observations of social behavior. *objective* Neutral observations and
empirical evidence
✔✔quantative research - ✔✔The study of observable relationships in the world, using
mathematical or statistical methods, count or tally up (measures)
✔✔Descriptive date - ✔✔Describes facts, relevant to the question you're researching
✔✔Median - ✔✔Absolute middle observation in the sample
✔✔Mean - ✔✔Sum of all values divided by the number of observations
, ✔✔Qualitative data - ✔✔Information that's not in numerical form. Descriptions of the
world gathered through interviews, questionnaires and 1st hand observations (illustrate
or characterize)
✔✔Hawthorne effect - ✔✔Influence of an observer on the behavior of her participants
✔✔subjective - ✔✔An idea that's built on your own experiences and feelings
✔✔2. Interpretative sociology - ✔✔The study of society that focuses on the meanings
that people attach to their social world. (Why this behavior?)
✔✔3. Critical sociology - ✔✔Study of society that focuses on the need for social change
✔✔Jane Addams - ✔✔Hull house—example of critical sociology. Poverty and causes
✔✔Research method - ✔✔A systematic plan for gathering and analyzing observations
about the world
✔✔Hypothesis - ✔✔A statement of a possible relationship between 2 variables
✔✔Measurement - ✔✔What value a variable takes on
✔✔independent variable - ✔✔The variable that we think is affecting the change in how
people describe themselves
✔✔dependent variable - ✔✔Variables that you believe are affected by changes in your
independent variables
✔✔Correlation - ✔✔What happens when 2 variables move together
✔✔4 ways sociologists collect data - ✔✔Experiments, surveys, participant observation,
and existing resources
✔✔1. Experiments - ✔✔Experimental groups with humans and a control group
✔✔Survey - ✔✔Ask a set of questions to get responses of a specific group of people
"people of interest"
✔✔Sample - ✔✔Smaller group that represents the population
✔✔participant observation - ✔✔Research done "in the field". Observe people by joining
them in their daily routines (ethnography)
