SUB TOPICS:
SECTION 1: NUTRITION
1. Introduction to Life processes
2. Nutrition
3. Modes of nutrition and their types
4. Nutrition in plants
5. Nutrition In Animals
6. Nutrition in Lower organisms
7. Nutrition in Human beings
8. Dental Caries
SECTION 2: RESPIRATION
9. Introduction to Respiration
10. Types of Respiration
11. Respiration in Plants
12. Respiration in Animals
13. Respiration in Humans
SECTION 3: TRANSPORTATION
14. Transport
15. Transportation in Plants
16. Blood
17. Circulatory system in Human beings
18. Lymphatic system
SECTION 4: EXCRETION
19. Excretion
20. Excretion in Plants
21. Excretion in Animals
22. Excretion in Humans
SECTION 1: NUTRITION
•INTRODUCTION TO LIFE PROCESSES:
•Everything present in the world is either living or non-living
•The most important feature to tell whether a thing is living or dead is movement
•Animals can move because they are living but this also has some exceptions such as
plants, plants are living but cannot move.
•Living beings:
1. Can move by themselves
, 2. Need food,air and water
3. Can grow
4. Can respond to changes around them, they are sensitive
5. Can respire
6. Excrete food
7. Can reproduce
•Anything which does not do this is called non-living eg. Table, Pen, Books etc.
Life Processes:
•The basic functions performed by living organisms to maintain their life on the earth are
called life processes.
•Without doing life processes any living being cannot survive as it is important for their well
being and growth.
•Life Processes include Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, Excretion, Control and
Coordination, Growth, Movement and Reproduction.
•These life processes work together to maintain all organs of a living body.
• Every organism requires energy to perform any task that comes from food.
•NUTRITION:
•Before knowing what is nutrition we should know what a nutrient is:
•Nutrient: A substance in which an organism derives from its surroundings and consumes it
and utilises it as an energy source to carry out life processes.
Types of Nutrients:
1. Fats
2. Carbohydrates
3. Protein
4. Roughage
5. Vitamins
6. Water
7. Minerals
•Now, The process in which an organism takes in complex nutrients breaks it down to
simpler forms, Utilizes the energy for carrying out life processes and well being.
•MODES OF NUTRITION:
•Modes of Nutrition means producing or obtaining food by an organism
•All organisms do not obtain their food in the same way different organisms have different
methods of obtaining food or producing it.
•there are two modes of Nutrition
1. Autotrophic
2. Heterotrophic
1.Autotrophic Mode Of Nutrition:
•The word ‘Auto’ means self and the word ‘trophe’ means nutrition so ‘Autotrophic’ means
‘Self Nutrition’.
, •Autrophic nutrition is that mode of nutrition in which an organism makes its own food from
simple inorganic material like carbon dioxide and water present in the surroundings with the
help of sunlight energy.
•Those animals which produce their own food are called autotrophs.
•Autotrophs convert inorganic material like carbon dioxide and water to organic material
such as glucose and starch.
•Green plants and autotrophic bacteria are examples of autotrophs.
•The autotrophic organisms contain the special green pigment called chlorophyll which
escapable of trapping sunlight energy just trapped sunlight energy is utilised by the
autotrophs to make food by combining inorganic material such as carbon dioxide and water
present in the environment by the process of photosynthesis.
•The process by which autotrophs make their own food is called photosynthesis.
•Animals cannot create their own food because they cannot perform photosynthesis as they
do not have chlorophyll.
2.Heterotrophic Mode Of Nutrition:
•The word ‘Heteros’ means others and ‘Trophe’ refers to nutrition does ‘Heterotrophic’
means nutrition obtained from others
•In Heterotrophic mode of nutrition, organisms cannot create their own food because they do
not have chlorophyll.
•They use the food made by Autotrophs directly or indirectly.
•Heterotrophic nutrition is that mode of nutrition in which an organism cannot make its own
food from simple inorganic materials like carbon dioxide and water and depend upon
autotrophs for its food.
•Those organisms which derive their food from Autotrophs are known as Heterotrophs
•All animals have heterotrophic type of nutrition and bacteria, fungi and non green plants
also have heterotrophic type of Nutrition.
•Non green plants like yeast are Heterotrophs.
•There are 3 types of Heterotrophic mode of nutrition:
1) Saprotrophic Nutrition:
•It is a type of nutrition in which organism obtains its food from dead and decaying organic
matter of dead plants, dead animals and rotten food
•The organism which follows saprotrophic type of nutrition is called saprotrophe.
• ‘Sapro’ means ‘rotten’, so saprotrophic type of nutrition is nutrition which is obtained from
rotten food.
•Fungi like bread moulds, mushrooms, yeast and many bacteria are saprotrophs.
•Saprotrophs break down complex organic molecules to simpler forms outside the body and
then absorb it.
•Saprotrophic nutrition is also called Saprophytic nutrition.
2) Parasitic Nutrition:
•It is a type of nutrition in which an organism derives food while living on the body of another
living organism without killing it.
SECTION 1: NUTRITION
1. Introduction to Life processes
2. Nutrition
3. Modes of nutrition and their types
4. Nutrition in plants
5. Nutrition In Animals
6. Nutrition in Lower organisms
7. Nutrition in Human beings
8. Dental Caries
SECTION 2: RESPIRATION
9. Introduction to Respiration
10. Types of Respiration
11. Respiration in Plants
12. Respiration in Animals
13. Respiration in Humans
SECTION 3: TRANSPORTATION
14. Transport
15. Transportation in Plants
16. Blood
17. Circulatory system in Human beings
18. Lymphatic system
SECTION 4: EXCRETION
19. Excretion
20. Excretion in Plants
21. Excretion in Animals
22. Excretion in Humans
SECTION 1: NUTRITION
•INTRODUCTION TO LIFE PROCESSES:
•Everything present in the world is either living or non-living
•The most important feature to tell whether a thing is living or dead is movement
•Animals can move because they are living but this also has some exceptions such as
plants, plants are living but cannot move.
•Living beings:
1. Can move by themselves
, 2. Need food,air and water
3. Can grow
4. Can respond to changes around them, they are sensitive
5. Can respire
6. Excrete food
7. Can reproduce
•Anything which does not do this is called non-living eg. Table, Pen, Books etc.
Life Processes:
•The basic functions performed by living organisms to maintain their life on the earth are
called life processes.
•Without doing life processes any living being cannot survive as it is important for their well
being and growth.
•Life Processes include Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, Excretion, Control and
Coordination, Growth, Movement and Reproduction.
•These life processes work together to maintain all organs of a living body.
• Every organism requires energy to perform any task that comes from food.
•NUTRITION:
•Before knowing what is nutrition we should know what a nutrient is:
•Nutrient: A substance in which an organism derives from its surroundings and consumes it
and utilises it as an energy source to carry out life processes.
Types of Nutrients:
1. Fats
2. Carbohydrates
3. Protein
4. Roughage
5. Vitamins
6. Water
7. Minerals
•Now, The process in which an organism takes in complex nutrients breaks it down to
simpler forms, Utilizes the energy for carrying out life processes and well being.
•MODES OF NUTRITION:
•Modes of Nutrition means producing or obtaining food by an organism
•All organisms do not obtain their food in the same way different organisms have different
methods of obtaining food or producing it.
•there are two modes of Nutrition
1. Autotrophic
2. Heterotrophic
1.Autotrophic Mode Of Nutrition:
•The word ‘Auto’ means self and the word ‘trophe’ means nutrition so ‘Autotrophic’ means
‘Self Nutrition’.
, •Autrophic nutrition is that mode of nutrition in which an organism makes its own food from
simple inorganic material like carbon dioxide and water present in the surroundings with the
help of sunlight energy.
•Those animals which produce their own food are called autotrophs.
•Autotrophs convert inorganic material like carbon dioxide and water to organic material
such as glucose and starch.
•Green plants and autotrophic bacteria are examples of autotrophs.
•The autotrophic organisms contain the special green pigment called chlorophyll which
escapable of trapping sunlight energy just trapped sunlight energy is utilised by the
autotrophs to make food by combining inorganic material such as carbon dioxide and water
present in the environment by the process of photosynthesis.
•The process by which autotrophs make their own food is called photosynthesis.
•Animals cannot create their own food because they cannot perform photosynthesis as they
do not have chlorophyll.
2.Heterotrophic Mode Of Nutrition:
•The word ‘Heteros’ means others and ‘Trophe’ refers to nutrition does ‘Heterotrophic’
means nutrition obtained from others
•In Heterotrophic mode of nutrition, organisms cannot create their own food because they do
not have chlorophyll.
•They use the food made by Autotrophs directly or indirectly.
•Heterotrophic nutrition is that mode of nutrition in which an organism cannot make its own
food from simple inorganic materials like carbon dioxide and water and depend upon
autotrophs for its food.
•Those organisms which derive their food from Autotrophs are known as Heterotrophs
•All animals have heterotrophic type of nutrition and bacteria, fungi and non green plants
also have heterotrophic type of Nutrition.
•Non green plants like yeast are Heterotrophs.
•There are 3 types of Heterotrophic mode of nutrition:
1) Saprotrophic Nutrition:
•It is a type of nutrition in which organism obtains its food from dead and decaying organic
matter of dead plants, dead animals and rotten food
•The organism which follows saprotrophic type of nutrition is called saprotrophe.
• ‘Sapro’ means ‘rotten’, so saprotrophic type of nutrition is nutrition which is obtained from
rotten food.
•Fungi like bread moulds, mushrooms, yeast and many bacteria are saprotrophs.
•Saprotrophs break down complex organic molecules to simpler forms outside the body and
then absorb it.
•Saprotrophic nutrition is also called Saprophytic nutrition.
2) Parasitic Nutrition:
•It is a type of nutrition in which an organism derives food while living on the body of another
living organism without killing it.
