HISTORY 104 SOPHIA US HISTORY FINAL
MILESTONE EXAM SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Booker T. Washington. Answer: Proponent of gradual gain of equal
rights for African-Americans (they'll gain their rights eventually)
◉ W.E.B. DuBois. Answer: First black person to earn Ph.D. from
Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and
discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910 (get equality
immediately)
◉ Poll Tax. Answer: A requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to
register to vote
◉ Marcus Garvey. Answer: Many poor urban blacks turned to him.
He was head of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and
he urged black economic cooperation and founded a chain of UNIA
grocery stores and other business
◉ Battle of Wounded Knee. Answer: US soldiers massacred 300
unarmed Native American in 1890. This ended the Indian Wars.
,◉ Dawes Act. Answer: 1887 law which gave all Native American
males 160 acres to farm and also set up schools to make Native
American children more like other Americans
◉ Nativism. Answer: The policy of protecting the interests of native-
born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.
◉ Melting Pot Theory. Answer: American culture is a blend of many
different cultures
◉ Assimilation. Answer: A process where individuals or groups
adopt the dominant culture
◉ Immigrant. Answer: A person who comes to a country where they
were not born in order to settle there
◉ Andrew Carnegie. Answer: A Scottish-born American industrialist
and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in
1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry
◉ John D. Rockefeller. Answer: Established the Standard Oil
Company— the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in
history
, ◉ Social Darwinism. Answer: The belief that only the fittest survive
in human political and economic struggle
◉ Laissez-faire. Answer: Idea that government should play as small
a role as possible in economic affairs
◉ Monopoly. Answer: A market in which there are many buyers but
only one seller (one group dominates the whole industry)
◉ Philanthropist. Answer: A person who seeks to promote the
welfare of others, especially by the generous donation of money to
good causes.
◉ Labor Union. Answer: An organization of workers that tries to
improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members
◉ collective bargaining. Answer: Negotiations between
representatives of labor unions and management to determine pay
and acceptable working conditions
◉ Sherman Antitrust Act. Answer: First federal action against
monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively
used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was
initially misused against labor unions
MILESTONE EXAM SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Booker T. Washington. Answer: Proponent of gradual gain of equal
rights for African-Americans (they'll gain their rights eventually)
◉ W.E.B. DuBois. Answer: First black person to earn Ph.D. from
Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and
discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910 (get equality
immediately)
◉ Poll Tax. Answer: A requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to
register to vote
◉ Marcus Garvey. Answer: Many poor urban blacks turned to him.
He was head of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and
he urged black economic cooperation and founded a chain of UNIA
grocery stores and other business
◉ Battle of Wounded Knee. Answer: US soldiers massacred 300
unarmed Native American in 1890. This ended the Indian Wars.
,◉ Dawes Act. Answer: 1887 law which gave all Native American
males 160 acres to farm and also set up schools to make Native
American children more like other Americans
◉ Nativism. Answer: The policy of protecting the interests of native-
born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.
◉ Melting Pot Theory. Answer: American culture is a blend of many
different cultures
◉ Assimilation. Answer: A process where individuals or groups
adopt the dominant culture
◉ Immigrant. Answer: A person who comes to a country where they
were not born in order to settle there
◉ Andrew Carnegie. Answer: A Scottish-born American industrialist
and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in
1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry
◉ John D. Rockefeller. Answer: Established the Standard Oil
Company— the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in
history
, ◉ Social Darwinism. Answer: The belief that only the fittest survive
in human political and economic struggle
◉ Laissez-faire. Answer: Idea that government should play as small
a role as possible in economic affairs
◉ Monopoly. Answer: A market in which there are many buyers but
only one seller (one group dominates the whole industry)
◉ Philanthropist. Answer: A person who seeks to promote the
welfare of others, especially by the generous donation of money to
good causes.
◉ Labor Union. Answer: An organization of workers that tries to
improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members
◉ collective bargaining. Answer: Negotiations between
representatives of labor unions and management to determine pay
and acceptable working conditions
◉ Sherman Antitrust Act. Answer: First federal action against
monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively
used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was
initially misused against labor unions
