CDCA LOCAL ANESTHESIA EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
which has thicker cortical plate, maxillary or mandibular? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅mandibular (this
decreased the amount of the local anesthesia molecules that can penetrate to nerves during infiltration
injections)
due to the thickness of cortical bone, which is a good option for local anesthetic in the mandibular arch
during infiltrations? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Articaine (Septocaine) is sometimes effective for mand.
infiltrations (4% vs. 2% for lidocaine) due to the increased number of molecules
hematomas are most common with which type of injection, and why? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅PSA due
to nicking a vessel in the pterygoid plexus of veins
what is the TX for a hematoma? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅pressure, cold compresses on/off, NSAIDS, and
time.
a positive aspiration when administering a PSA is due to what? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅aspirating
hemorrhage caused by injection
what are the three most common locations for hematomas to occur? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. PSA
2. IA
3. mental
blanching of the tissue following/during an injection is caused by what? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅vasospasm/vasoconstriction caused by epinephrine or brushing against autonomic nerves
stimulation vasospasm
the pterygomandibular space/triangle is bordered by what anatomical structures? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅ramus, lateral pterygoid muscle, and medial pterygoid muscle
, the pterygomandibular space/triangle is identified intra-orally by what? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅pterygoid hamulus (palpation), coronoid notch (palpation), and pterygomandibular raphe
(visual)
the mandibular foramen lies approx. __________________________ of the distance from the anterior
border of the ramus to the posterior border - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1/2 to 2/3
Antero-posteriorly, the greater palatine foramen is located between the
___________________________. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅middle oft he maxillary second molar and the
middle of the third molar in about 80-90% of patients.
all arteries leading to the oral cavity receive blood from what? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅external carotid
(most are direct or indirect branches from the maxillary artery with the exception of the lingula -- this is
a direct branch from the external carotid)
veins from the oral cavity will drain into what? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅internal jugular (both internal
and external drain into the brachiocephalic veins which drain to the superior vena cava
do myelinated or un-myelinated nerves create faster impulse? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅myelinated
(impulses jump from node to node -- node of ranvier)
what is saltatory conduction? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the process of nerve impulses jumping from
nodes of ranvier along a myelinated nerve
what is the resting potential charges of a nerve? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅inside is negative and outside
is positive
what molecules are predominately outside/inside at resting potential? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Na+
outside and K+ inside
what is depolarization? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Na+ channels open , Na+ flows in reversing polarity; K+
flows out to restore neutrality; the Na+ and K+ pumps restore polarity (resting potential)
AND ANSWERS
which has thicker cortical plate, maxillary or mandibular? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅mandibular (this
decreased the amount of the local anesthesia molecules that can penetrate to nerves during infiltration
injections)
due to the thickness of cortical bone, which is a good option for local anesthetic in the mandibular arch
during infiltrations? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Articaine (Septocaine) is sometimes effective for mand.
infiltrations (4% vs. 2% for lidocaine) due to the increased number of molecules
hematomas are most common with which type of injection, and why? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅PSA due
to nicking a vessel in the pterygoid plexus of veins
what is the TX for a hematoma? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅pressure, cold compresses on/off, NSAIDS, and
time.
a positive aspiration when administering a PSA is due to what? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅aspirating
hemorrhage caused by injection
what are the three most common locations for hematomas to occur? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. PSA
2. IA
3. mental
blanching of the tissue following/during an injection is caused by what? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅vasospasm/vasoconstriction caused by epinephrine or brushing against autonomic nerves
stimulation vasospasm
the pterygomandibular space/triangle is bordered by what anatomical structures? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅ramus, lateral pterygoid muscle, and medial pterygoid muscle
, the pterygomandibular space/triangle is identified intra-orally by what? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅pterygoid hamulus (palpation), coronoid notch (palpation), and pterygomandibular raphe
(visual)
the mandibular foramen lies approx. __________________________ of the distance from the anterior
border of the ramus to the posterior border - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1/2 to 2/3
Antero-posteriorly, the greater palatine foramen is located between the
___________________________. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅middle oft he maxillary second molar and the
middle of the third molar in about 80-90% of patients.
all arteries leading to the oral cavity receive blood from what? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅external carotid
(most are direct or indirect branches from the maxillary artery with the exception of the lingula -- this is
a direct branch from the external carotid)
veins from the oral cavity will drain into what? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅internal jugular (both internal
and external drain into the brachiocephalic veins which drain to the superior vena cava
do myelinated or un-myelinated nerves create faster impulse? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅myelinated
(impulses jump from node to node -- node of ranvier)
what is saltatory conduction? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the process of nerve impulses jumping from
nodes of ranvier along a myelinated nerve
what is the resting potential charges of a nerve? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅inside is negative and outside
is positive
what molecules are predominately outside/inside at resting potential? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Na+
outside and K+ inside
what is depolarization? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Na+ channels open , Na+ flows in reversing polarity; K+
flows out to restore neutrality; the Na+ and K+ pumps restore polarity (resting potential)
