ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHERS PRACTICE MILESTONE Latest 2020

ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHERS PRACTICE MILESTONE Latest 2020 (A GRADE) UNIT 1 PRACTICE MILESTONE You passed this Practice Milestone. When you take the actual Milestone, you must score 50% or higher to pass. 21 questions were answered correctly. 4 questions were answered incorrectly. 1 Budapest is a city in Hungary. Roland was born in Budapest. Therefore, Roland was born in Hungary. Assuming that both premises are true, evaluate the argument and determine which of the answer options describes it. • Inductive, strong, cogent • Deductive, valid, sound • Deductive, invalid, unsound • Inductive, weak, uncogent RATIONALE The inferential claim in this example is one of logical certainty, and is about definition and form rather than cause and effect. As a result, this a deductive argument. Because a case cannot exist in which the premises are true and the conclusion is false, this argument is valid. Also, this argument is sound because the premises are true. CONCEPT Evaluating an Argument in Action 2 All of the statements are central themes of Parmenidean metaphysics, EXCEPT: • The world we sense is genuine. • The opinions of mortal men are universally unreliable. • The Parmenidean worldview contradicts the world we are familiar with. • The universe is one, unchanging entity. RATIONALE Parmenidean metaphysics establishes a division between the mortal world (i.e., the world of the senses) and reality. Reality is "what is;" it is eternal and unchanging. The world of the senses is "what is not," a transient and illusory world of change. Therefore, Parmenides would not say that the world we sense is genuine. All of the other statements accurately represent Parmenidean metaphysics. CONCEPT Parmenides and the Doctrine of Permanence 3 Nancy was talking with a friend about immigration in the U.S. Nancy believes that illegal immigration to the United States is harmful to the nation, and that antiimmigration laws should be strictly applied. Choose the statement by Nancy that demonstrates an inconsistent belief. • “I hired an immigrant to landscape my yard for much less than my gardener demanded.” • “I will not buy vegetables from farmers who use migrant labor.” • “The United States will become a safe nation when all illegal immigrants are removed.” • “If they break the law to enter the country, it proves that they don’t respect our laws.” RATIONALE To live philosophically, it is necessary to examine beliefs to ground them in knowledge, and to then act according to those beliefs. By making an exception to her position on immigration to hire a migrant laborer at low cost, Nancy displays an inconsistent philosophical worldview. CONCEPT Philosophical Analysis as a Way of Life 4 Several hours of heavy rain is a __________ condition for a wet yard. Choose the answer that correctly completes this sentence. • neither necessary nor sufficient • both necessary and sufficient • necessary, not sufficient • sufficient, not necessary RATIONALE Several hours of heavy rain will always make the yard wet, so this a sufficient condition, or logical guarantee, for a wet yard. However, not all wet yards are caused by heavy rain, so heavy rain is not a necessary condition, or logical requirement, for a wet yard. CONCEPT Plato: An academic approach to concepts 5 Consider identifying the essence of a pencil. The first question Aristotle would ask is, “What kind of thing is it?” The answer might be: “A pencil is a writing utensil.” Which question would Aristotle ask next? • How does a union of form and matter create this pencil? • What is the substance