From what five substances are drugs derived?
Plants, Animals, Chemicals, Minerals, Recombinant DNA.
What are five examples of adverse drug reactions (ADRs)?
1. Tremors 2. Bronchospasm 3. Headaches 4. Photosensitivity 5. Renal function impairment.
What are five sources of drug information?
1. PDR 2. USP 3. AHFS 4. Wolters Kluwer 5. Electronic drug reference apps.
What are four common routes of medication administration?
1. Parenteral 2. Enteral 3. Transdermal 4. Topical.
What are the four main parenteral routes?
1. Intravenous 2. Intramuscular 3. Subcutaneous 4. Central lines.
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What are the seven components of information in a drug package insert?
1. Drug name 2. Clinical pharmacology 3. Indications and usage 4. Contraindications and warnings 5. Drug
interactions 6. Adverse reactions 7. Dosage and administration.
What are the steps of the first-pass effect?
1. Absorbed through the small intestine 2. Enters the liver 3. Metabolized by liver enzymes.
What are the three human phases of drug testing?
1. Healthy volunteers 2. People with the disease 3. Large multicenter trials.
What are three types of positive drug interactions?
1. Additive effect 2. Synergistic effect 3. Potentiation effect.
What are two advantages of the parenteral route?
1. Direct absorption into the bloodstream 2. Useful in emergency situations.
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