HSCO 506 EXAM 3 TEST SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ ratio schedule. Answer: • Fixed-Ratio: high response rate & slight
cessation after reward
• Variable-Ratio: high response rate, no cessation & most resistant to
extinction
◉ Applications of operant conditioning. Answer: Behavior
Modification
• Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA Therapy)
• Token Reinforcement Systems (TRS)
- TRS works for modifying behaviors
◉ Limitations of operant conditioning. Answer: • Learning can still
occur without any behavior!
• Even for animal behavior, cognitive theories seem necessary
◉ Cognitive theory. Answer: focus on mental processes
e.g., Tolman's theory of cognitive maps
Insight learning
,◉ insight learning. Answer: chimpanzees
◉ Social Learning Theory. Answer: focus on the imitation and
modeling of others
• children learn without any reinforcement!
◉ Three fundamental processes. Answer: encoding
storage
retrieval
◉ The modal model of memory. Answer:
◉ Sensory Memory (SM). Answer: • pre-conscious
• large capacity
• very brief duration
◉ Iconic memory (SM). Answer: • SM for visual info.
• ~1/4 second max duration
Evidence of Large Capacity (Sperling,1960):1. Whole Report:2.
Partial Report:Avg. ~4 recalled (~33%)Avg. ~4 recalled! (~100%
, ◉ echoic memory(SM). Answer: • SM for auditory info.
• ~2-4 seconds max duration
◉ Short-Term Memory (STM). Answer: • Duration: ~20 - 30 sec. max
(Brown-Peterson Task) [~18-20 seconds?]
• Capacity: 7±2 bits of info (Memory Span Task)
• a bit is a "meaningful" unit of information
◉ Chunking. Answer: reorganizing info. into larger bits (or chunks)
allows you to circumvent STM capacity limitations
◉ Automaticity. Answer: extensive practice reduces load on STM
capacity
◉ Stroop Task. Answer: demonstrates automaticity of reading skills
◉ Working memory. Answer: A revised view of immediate memory
◉ Articulatory loop. Answer: the part of the phonological loop
involved in the active refreshing of information in the phonological
store
QUESTIONS WITH FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ ratio schedule. Answer: • Fixed-Ratio: high response rate & slight
cessation after reward
• Variable-Ratio: high response rate, no cessation & most resistant to
extinction
◉ Applications of operant conditioning. Answer: Behavior
Modification
• Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA Therapy)
• Token Reinforcement Systems (TRS)
- TRS works for modifying behaviors
◉ Limitations of operant conditioning. Answer: • Learning can still
occur without any behavior!
• Even for animal behavior, cognitive theories seem necessary
◉ Cognitive theory. Answer: focus on mental processes
e.g., Tolman's theory of cognitive maps
Insight learning
,◉ insight learning. Answer: chimpanzees
◉ Social Learning Theory. Answer: focus on the imitation and
modeling of others
• children learn without any reinforcement!
◉ Three fundamental processes. Answer: encoding
storage
retrieval
◉ The modal model of memory. Answer:
◉ Sensory Memory (SM). Answer: • pre-conscious
• large capacity
• very brief duration
◉ Iconic memory (SM). Answer: • SM for visual info.
• ~1/4 second max duration
Evidence of Large Capacity (Sperling,1960):1. Whole Report:2.
Partial Report:Avg. ~4 recalled (~33%)Avg. ~4 recalled! (~100%
, ◉ echoic memory(SM). Answer: • SM for auditory info.
• ~2-4 seconds max duration
◉ Short-Term Memory (STM). Answer: • Duration: ~20 - 30 sec. max
(Brown-Peterson Task) [~18-20 seconds?]
• Capacity: 7±2 bits of info (Memory Span Task)
• a bit is a "meaningful" unit of information
◉ Chunking. Answer: reorganizing info. into larger bits (or chunks)
allows you to circumvent STM capacity limitations
◉ Automaticity. Answer: extensive practice reduces load on STM
capacity
◉ Stroop Task. Answer: demonstrates automaticity of reading skills
◉ Working memory. Answer: A revised view of immediate memory
◉ Articulatory loop. Answer: the part of the phonological loop
involved in the active refreshing of information in the phonological
store
