GNRS515 - Advanced Pathophysiology - Exam #1
1. T/F: Non-dividing cells, such as myocardial fibers, are capable of
hypertrophy, but not hyperplasia.: True
2. T/F: Dysplasia is a common type of normal cellular adaptation.: False
3. T/F: Hypertrophy and hyperplasia rarely occur together.: False
4. T/F: A man with a history of smoking has a bronchial biopsy showing that
the normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells have been replaced by stratified
squamous epithelial cells. The man is correctly told that this process could
be reversed if he quits smoking.: True
5. T/F: Dysplastic changes may be reversible, but more commonly become
malignant.: True
6. Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated
epithelial cells of the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified
squamous epithelial cells?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Anaplasia: B. Metaplasia
7. The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence
of:
A. Compensatory hyperplasia
B. Hormonal hyperplasia
C. Hormonal anaplasia
, GNRS515 - Advanced Pathophysiology - Exam #1
D. Hormonal dysplasia: B. Hormonal Hyperplasia
8. When the heart's workload increases, what changes occur to the
myocardial cells?
A. They divide
B. They increase in size
C. They increase in number
D. They undergo metaplasia: B. They increase in size
9. After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of
estrogen; this is an example of hormonal:
A. Hyperplasia.
B. Dysplasia.
C. Hypertrophy
D. Anaplasia: A. Hyperplasia
10. The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal
stimulation is called:
A. Dysplasia.
B. Pathologic dysplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Pathologic hyperplasia: D. Pathologic Hyperplasia
11. Removal of part of the liver leads to ______________ of the remaining
liver cells.
A. Dysplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Compensatory dysplasia: C. Compensatory Hyperplasia
12. During ischemia, what effect does the loss of the adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) level have on cells?
, GNRS515 - Advanced Pathophysiology - Exam #1
A. Cells shrink because of the influx of Ca
B. Cells shrink because of the influx of KCl
C. Cells swell because of the influx of NaCl
D. Cells swell because of the influx of NO:
C. Cells swell because of the influx of NaCl
13. What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the
mitochondria?
A. Enzymatic digestion halts DNA synthesis.
B. Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production
C. Reduction in ATP production caused by edema from an influx in sodium
D. Shift of potassium out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastruc-ture:
B. Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production
14. What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical
injury?
A. Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA syn-thesis
B. Influx of potassium ions into the mitochondria occurs, halting the ATP production
C. Edema of the Golgi body occurs, preventing the transport of proteins out of the cell
D. Shift of calcium out of the plasma membrane occurs, destroying the cy-
toskeleton:
A. Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA
synthesis
15. In hypoxic injury, why does sodium enter the cell and cause swelling?
A. Because the cell membrane permeability increases for sodium during peri-ods of
hypoxia
B. Because there is insufficient ATP to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the
cell
C. Because the lactic acid produced by the hypoxia binds with sodium within the cell
D. Because sodium cannot be transported in the cytosol to the cell membrane
1. T/F: Non-dividing cells, such as myocardial fibers, are capable of
hypertrophy, but not hyperplasia.: True
2. T/F: Dysplasia is a common type of normal cellular adaptation.: False
3. T/F: Hypertrophy and hyperplasia rarely occur together.: False
4. T/F: A man with a history of smoking has a bronchial biopsy showing that
the normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells have been replaced by stratified
squamous epithelial cells. The man is correctly told that this process could
be reversed if he quits smoking.: True
5. T/F: Dysplastic changes may be reversible, but more commonly become
malignant.: True
6. Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated
epithelial cells of the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified
squamous epithelial cells?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Anaplasia: B. Metaplasia
7. The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence
of:
A. Compensatory hyperplasia
B. Hormonal hyperplasia
C. Hormonal anaplasia
, GNRS515 - Advanced Pathophysiology - Exam #1
D. Hormonal dysplasia: B. Hormonal Hyperplasia
8. When the heart's workload increases, what changes occur to the
myocardial cells?
A. They divide
B. They increase in size
C. They increase in number
D. They undergo metaplasia: B. They increase in size
9. After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of
estrogen; this is an example of hormonal:
A. Hyperplasia.
B. Dysplasia.
C. Hypertrophy
D. Anaplasia: A. Hyperplasia
10. The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal
stimulation is called:
A. Dysplasia.
B. Pathologic dysplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Pathologic hyperplasia: D. Pathologic Hyperplasia
11. Removal of part of the liver leads to ______________ of the remaining
liver cells.
A. Dysplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Compensatory dysplasia: C. Compensatory Hyperplasia
12. During ischemia, what effect does the loss of the adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) level have on cells?
, GNRS515 - Advanced Pathophysiology - Exam #1
A. Cells shrink because of the influx of Ca
B. Cells shrink because of the influx of KCl
C. Cells swell because of the influx of NaCl
D. Cells swell because of the influx of NO:
C. Cells swell because of the influx of NaCl
13. What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to the
mitochondria?
A. Enzymatic digestion halts DNA synthesis.
B. Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production
C. Reduction in ATP production caused by edema from an influx in sodium
D. Shift of potassium out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastruc-ture:
B. Influx of calcium ions halts ATP production
14. What is a consequence of leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical
injury?
A. Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA syn-thesis
B. Influx of potassium ions into the mitochondria occurs, halting the ATP production
C. Edema of the Golgi body occurs, preventing the transport of proteins out of the cell
D. Shift of calcium out of the plasma membrane occurs, destroying the cy-
toskeleton:
A. Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA
synthesis
15. In hypoxic injury, why does sodium enter the cell and cause swelling?
A. Because the cell membrane permeability increases for sodium during peri-ods of
hypoxia
B. Because there is insufficient ATP to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the
cell
C. Because the lactic acid produced by the hypoxia binds with sodium within the cell
D. Because sodium cannot be transported in the cytosol to the cell membrane
