EssentialsjofjPathophysiologyj4thjEditionjbyjPorthjTestjBank
Chapterj 01j -j Cellj Structurej andj Function
MULTIPLEjCHOICE
(AnswersjarejatjthejendjofjeachjChapter)
1. Thej nucleus ,jwhichj isj essentialj forj functionj andj survivalj ofjthej cell.
a. isjthejsitejofjproteinjsynthesis
b. containsj thej geneticj code
c. transformsj cellularj energy
d. initiatesj aerobicj metabolism
2. Althoughjenergyjisjnotjmadejinjmitochondria,jtheyjarejknownjasjthejpowerjplantsjofjthejcelljbecausejthey
:
a. containj RNAjforj proteinj synthesis.
b. utilizej glycolysisj forj oxidativej energy.
c. extractjenergyj fromj organicj compounds.
d. storejcalciumjbondsjforj musclej contractions.
3. Althoughjthejbasicjstructurejofjthejcelljplasmajmembranejisjformedjbyjajlipidjbilayer,jmostjofjthejspec
ificjmembranejfunctionsjarejcarriedjoutjby:
a. boundj andj transmembranej proteins.
b. complex,j longj carbohydratej chains.
c. surfacej antigensj andj hormonej receptors.
d. ajgatingj systemj ofjselectivej ionj channels.
4. Toj effectivelyj relayj signals,j cell-to-cellj communicationj utilizesj chemicalj messengerj systemsj that:
a. displacej surfacej receptorj proteins.
b. accumulatej withinj cellj gapj junctions.
c. bindj toj contractilej microfilaments.
d. releasej secretionsj intoj extracellularj fluid
5. Aerobicj metabolism,j alsoj knownj asj oxidativej metabolism,j providesj energyj by:
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, a. removingj thej phosphatej bondsj fromj ATP.
b. combiningj hydrogenj andj oxygenj toj formj water.
c. activatingjpyruvatej storedj injthej cytoplasm.
d. breakingj downj glucosej toj formj lacticj acid.
6. Exocytosis,j thej reversej ofj endocytosis,j isj importantj in intoj thej extracellularj fluid.
a. Engulfingj andj ingestingj fluidj andjproteinsj forj transport
b. Killing,j degrading,j andj dissolvingj harmfulj microorganisms
c. Removingj cellularj debrisj andj releasingj synthesizedj substances
d. Destructionj ofj particlesj byj lysosomalj enzymesj forj secretion
7. Thej processj responsiblej forj generatingj andj conductingj membranej potentialsj is:
a. diffusionj ofj current-carryingj ions.
b. millivoltagej ofj electricalj potential.
c. polarizationj ofj chargedj particles.
d. ionj channelj neurotransmission.
8. Epithelialjtissuesjarejclassifiedjaccordingjtojthejshapejofjthejcellsjandjthejnumberjofjlayers.jWhichjofjthejf
ollowingjisjajcorrectlyjmatchedjdescriptionjandjtypejofjepithelialjtissue?
a. Simplej epithelium:j cellsj inj contactj withjintercellularj matrix;j somej doj notj extendj toj surface
b. Stratifiedjepithelium:j singlej layerj ofjcells;j alljcellsjrestj onj basementj membrane
c. Glandularj epithelium:j arisej fromj surfacej epitheliaj andj underlyingj connectivej tissue
d. Pseudostratifiedj epithelium:j multiplej layersj ofj cells;j deepestj layerj restsj onj basementj membrane
9. Connectivej tissuej containsj fibroblastsj thatj arej responsiblej for:
a. providingj aj fibrousj frameworkj forj capillaries.
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, b. synthesisj ofj collagen,j elastin,j andj reticularj fibers.
c. formingj tendonsj andj thej fasciaj thatj coversj muscles.
d. fillingj spacesj betweenj tissuesjtoj keepj organsj inj place.
10. Althoughjalljmusclejtissuejcellsjhavejsomejsimilarities,jsmoothjmusclej(alsojknownjasjinvoluntaryjmuscle)j
differsjby:
A) havingj densej bodiesj attachedjtoj actinj filaments.
B) containingjsarcomeresj betweenj Zj linesj andj Mj bands.
C) havingj rapidj contractionsj andj abundantj cross-striations.
D) contractingj injresponsej tojincreasedj intracellularj calcium.
11. Whichj ofj thej followingj aspectsj ofj thej functionj ofj thej nucleusj isj performedj byj ribosomalj RNAj (rRNA)?
A) Copyingj andj carryingj DNAj instructionsj forj proteinj synthesis
B) Carryingjaminoj acidsj toj thej sitejofjproteinj synthesis
C) Providingjthej sitej wherej proteinj synthesisj occurs
D) Regulatingj andj controllingj proteinj synthesis
12. Breakdownjandjremovaljofjforeignjsubstancesjandjworn-
outjcelljpartsjarejperformedjbyjwhichjofjthejfollowingjorganelles?
A) Lysosomes
B) Golgijapparatus
C) Ribosomes
D) Endoplasmicj reticulumj (ER)
13. Impairmentj inj thej functionj ofj peroxisomesj wouldj resultj in:
A) inadequatej sitesjforj proteinj synthesis.
B) anjinabilityjtojtransportj cellularj productsj acrossj thej cellj membrane.
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, C) insufficientj energyj productionj withinj aj cell.
D) accumulationj ofjfreej radicalsj injthejcytoplasm.
14. Afterjseveraljmonthsjofjtryingjtojconceive,jajcouplejisjundergoingjfertilityjtesting.jSemenjanalysisjin
dicatesjthatjthejman’sjspermjhavejdecreasedjmotility,jajfindingjthatjisjthoughtjtojunderliejthejcouple’
sjinabilityjtojbecomejpregnant.jWhichjofjthejfollowingjcellularjcomponentsjmayjbejdefectivejwithinjthej
man’sjsperm?
A) Ribosomes
B) Microtubules
C) Mitochondria
D) Microfilaments
15. Whichj ofjthejfollowingj statementsj isjtruej ofj glycolysis?
A) Glycolysisj requiresj oxygen.
B) Glycolysisj occursj inj cellsj withoutj mitochondria.
C) Glycolysisj providesj thej majorityj ofj thej body’sj energyj needs.
D) Glycolysisj producesj energy,j water,j andj carbonj dioxide.
16. Whichj ofj thejfollowingj membranej transportj mechanismsj requiresj thej greatestj amountj ofj energy?
A) Facilitatedj diffusion
B) Passivej transport
C) Vesicularj transport
D) Simplej diffusion
17. Ajmalejpatientjwithjajdiagnosisjofjtypej1jdiabetesjmellitusjisjexperiencingjhyperglycemiajbecausejhejlack
sjsufficientjinsulinjtojincreasejthejavailabilityjofjglucosejtransportersjinjhisjcelljmembranes.jConseq
uently,jhisjcellsjlackjintracellularjglucosejandjitjaccumulatesjinjhisjblood.jWhichjofjthe
followingj processesjwouldj bestj allowj glucosejtojcrossj hisj cellj membranes?
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Chapterj 01j -j Cellj Structurej andj Function
MULTIPLEjCHOICE
(AnswersjarejatjthejendjofjeachjChapter)
1. Thej nucleus ,jwhichj isj essentialj forj functionj andj survivalj ofjthej cell.
a. isjthejsitejofjproteinjsynthesis
b. containsj thej geneticj code
c. transformsj cellularj energy
d. initiatesj aerobicj metabolism
2. Althoughjenergyjisjnotjmadejinjmitochondria,jtheyjarejknownjasjthejpowerjplantsjofjthejcelljbecausejthey
:
a. containj RNAjforj proteinj synthesis.
b. utilizej glycolysisj forj oxidativej energy.
c. extractjenergyj fromj organicj compounds.
d. storejcalciumjbondsjforj musclej contractions.
3. Althoughjthejbasicjstructurejofjthejcelljplasmajmembranejisjformedjbyjajlipidjbilayer,jmostjofjthejspec
ificjmembranejfunctionsjarejcarriedjoutjby:
a. boundj andj transmembranej proteins.
b. complex,j longj carbohydratej chains.
c. surfacej antigensj andj hormonej receptors.
d. ajgatingj systemj ofjselectivej ionj channels.
4. Toj effectivelyj relayj signals,j cell-to-cellj communicationj utilizesj chemicalj messengerj systemsj that:
a. displacej surfacej receptorj proteins.
b. accumulatej withinj cellj gapj junctions.
c. bindj toj contractilej microfilaments.
d. releasej secretionsj intoj extracellularj fluid
5. Aerobicj metabolism,j alsoj knownj asj oxidativej metabolism,j providesj energyj by:
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, a. removingj thej phosphatej bondsj fromj ATP.
b. combiningj hydrogenj andj oxygenj toj formj water.
c. activatingjpyruvatej storedj injthej cytoplasm.
d. breakingj downj glucosej toj formj lacticj acid.
6. Exocytosis,j thej reversej ofj endocytosis,j isj importantj in intoj thej extracellularj fluid.
a. Engulfingj andj ingestingj fluidj andjproteinsj forj transport
b. Killing,j degrading,j andj dissolvingj harmfulj microorganisms
c. Removingj cellularj debrisj andj releasingj synthesizedj substances
d. Destructionj ofj particlesj byj lysosomalj enzymesj forj secretion
7. Thej processj responsiblej forj generatingj andj conductingj membranej potentialsj is:
a. diffusionj ofj current-carryingj ions.
b. millivoltagej ofj electricalj potential.
c. polarizationj ofj chargedj particles.
d. ionj channelj neurotransmission.
8. Epithelialjtissuesjarejclassifiedjaccordingjtojthejshapejofjthejcellsjandjthejnumberjofjlayers.jWhichjofjthejf
ollowingjisjajcorrectlyjmatchedjdescriptionjandjtypejofjepithelialjtissue?
a. Simplej epithelium:j cellsj inj contactj withjintercellularj matrix;j somej doj notj extendj toj surface
b. Stratifiedjepithelium:j singlej layerj ofjcells;j alljcellsjrestj onj basementj membrane
c. Glandularj epithelium:j arisej fromj surfacej epitheliaj andj underlyingj connectivej tissue
d. Pseudostratifiedj epithelium:j multiplej layersj ofj cells;j deepestj layerj restsj onj basementj membrane
9. Connectivej tissuej containsj fibroblastsj thatj arej responsiblej for:
a. providingj aj fibrousj frameworkj forj capillaries.
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, b. synthesisj ofj collagen,j elastin,j andj reticularj fibers.
c. formingj tendonsj andj thej fasciaj thatj coversj muscles.
d. fillingj spacesj betweenj tissuesjtoj keepj organsj inj place.
10. Althoughjalljmusclejtissuejcellsjhavejsomejsimilarities,jsmoothjmusclej(alsojknownjasjinvoluntaryjmuscle)j
differsjby:
A) havingj densej bodiesj attachedjtoj actinj filaments.
B) containingjsarcomeresj betweenj Zj linesj andj Mj bands.
C) havingj rapidj contractionsj andj abundantj cross-striations.
D) contractingj injresponsej tojincreasedj intracellularj calcium.
11. Whichj ofj thej followingj aspectsj ofj thej functionj ofj thej nucleusj isj performedj byj ribosomalj RNAj (rRNA)?
A) Copyingj andj carryingj DNAj instructionsj forj proteinj synthesis
B) Carryingjaminoj acidsj toj thej sitejofjproteinj synthesis
C) Providingjthej sitej wherej proteinj synthesisj occurs
D) Regulatingj andj controllingj proteinj synthesis
12. Breakdownjandjremovaljofjforeignjsubstancesjandjworn-
outjcelljpartsjarejperformedjbyjwhichjofjthejfollowingjorganelles?
A) Lysosomes
B) Golgijapparatus
C) Ribosomes
D) Endoplasmicj reticulumj (ER)
13. Impairmentj inj thej functionj ofj peroxisomesj wouldj resultj in:
A) inadequatej sitesjforj proteinj synthesis.
B) anjinabilityjtojtransportj cellularj productsj acrossj thej cellj membrane.
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, C) insufficientj energyj productionj withinj aj cell.
D) accumulationj ofjfreej radicalsj injthejcytoplasm.
14. Afterjseveraljmonthsjofjtryingjtojconceive,jajcouplejisjundergoingjfertilityjtesting.jSemenjanalysisjin
dicatesjthatjthejman’sjspermjhavejdecreasedjmotility,jajfindingjthatjisjthoughtjtojunderliejthejcouple’
sjinabilityjtojbecomejpregnant.jWhichjofjthejfollowingjcellularjcomponentsjmayjbejdefectivejwithinjthej
man’sjsperm?
A) Ribosomes
B) Microtubules
C) Mitochondria
D) Microfilaments
15. Whichj ofjthejfollowingj statementsj isjtruej ofj glycolysis?
A) Glycolysisj requiresj oxygen.
B) Glycolysisj occursj inj cellsj withoutj mitochondria.
C) Glycolysisj providesj thej majorityj ofj thej body’sj energyj needs.
D) Glycolysisj producesj energy,j water,j andj carbonj dioxide.
16. Whichj ofj thejfollowingj membranej transportj mechanismsj requiresj thej greatestj amountj ofj energy?
A) Facilitatedj diffusion
B) Passivej transport
C) Vesicularj transport
D) Simplej diffusion
17. Ajmalejpatientjwithjajdiagnosisjofjtypej1jdiabetesjmellitusjisjexperiencingjhyperglycemiajbecausejhejlack
sjsufficientjinsulinjtojincreasejthejavailabilityjofjglucosejtransportersjinjhisjcelljmembranes.jConseq
uently,jhisjcellsjlackjintracellularjglucosejandjitjaccumulatesjinjhisjblood.jWhichjofjthe
followingj processesjwouldj bestj allowj glucosejtojcrossj hisj cellj membranes?
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