EKG Interpretation (HCA) EXAM STUDY
GUIDE 2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<NEWEST VERSION>
1. normal sinus rhythm - ANSWER ✔ HR 60-100 bpm
Regular
2. Sinus Bradycardia - ANSWER ✔ HR <60 bpm
Regular
3. Sinus Tachycardia - ANSWER ✔ HR > 100 bpm
Regular
4. sinus dysrhythmia - ANSWER ✔ HR 60-100 bpm
Irregular rhythm
P waves normal
QRS complexes normal
PR Intervals normal
5. Sinus Arrest - ANSWER ✔ HR 60-100 bpm
Rhythm is irregular where there is a pause
P waves, QRS complexes and PR intervals are normal and all look alike (but
absent where there is a pause in rhythm)
,6. Wandering Atrial Pacemaker - ANSWER ✔ -HR 60-100 bpm
-Slightly irregular
-P waves differ, as frequently as from beat to beat, may be upright or
inverted, can even be absent
-QRS complexes normal, all appear the same
-PR intervals vary, when the P wave is present the P'R intervals may be
normal, shortened, or prolonged
-QT intervals within normal range but may vary
7. EKG or ECG - ANSWER ✔ electrocardiogram; graphic representation of
electrical activity of heart via leads placed on skin
8. Electrical rhythm should cause what? - ANSWER ✔ contractions of the
heart
9. Dysrhythmias - ANSWER ✔ abnormal rhythms of electrical system
- caused by electrolyte imbalances, CAD, respiratory problems, drug
toxicity, or aging
10.Lead Placement - ANSWER ✔ White is on right, black is on the left
Clouds over grass
Smoke over fire
Brown in the middle
11.Automaticity - ANSWER ✔ the ability of the heart to create electrical
impulses
,12.Excitability - ANSWER ✔ the ability of the heart to respond to electrical
impulse from pacemaker cells and depolarize
13.Conductivity - ANSWER ✔ the ability of the heart to send electrical impulse
from cell to cell
14.Contractility - ANSWER ✔ the ability of the heart to respond mechanically
15.Polarization - ANSWER ✔ negative inside cell at resting state
16.Depolarization - ANSWER ✔ movement of sodium that causes inside of cell
to be more positive
17.Myocardial Infarction - ANSWER ✔ prolonged ischemia longer than 30 to
45 minutes causes irreversable cell death and muscle death
-MI often effects left ventricle
-transmural (Q-wave MI) infarction involves the full thickness of the wall
-subendocardial (Non-Q wave MI) infarction is limited to the inner half of
the myocardium
18.Artifact - ANSWER ✔ -ECG deflections caused by influences other than
heart's electrical activity
-wandering baseline
-pacemaker spikes
-60 cycle interference
-muscle artifact
19.Wandering Baseline - ANSWER ✔ varies with respiration
, 20.60 cycle interference - ANSWER ✔ lead wires crossing over electrical cord
connected to power outlet
21.Pacemaker Spikes - ANSWER ✔ artificial pacing with pacemaker
22.Muscle Artifact - ANSWER ✔ caused by muscle contractions associated
with movement and shivering
23.Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) - ANSWER ✔ -electrical activity can be
observed on the EKG, but there is no ventricular contraction and therefore
no pulse
24.Sudden Cardiac Death - ANSWER ✔ -result from V-tach or V-fib usually
-CAD, aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
25.Defibrillation and Synchronized Cardioversion - ANSWER ✔ -most
effective method of terminating ventricular defibrillation and pulseless VT
-same procedure as defibrillation except when done on a non-emergent
patient, pateitn is awake and given a sedative and the shock is at a lower
level.
26.Defibrillation Waves - ANSWER ✔ Monophasic
Biphasic
27.Pacemakers - ANSWER ✔ electronic device used to pace the heart when the
normal conduction pathway is damaged or diseased
GUIDE 2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<NEWEST VERSION>
1. normal sinus rhythm - ANSWER ✔ HR 60-100 bpm
Regular
2. Sinus Bradycardia - ANSWER ✔ HR <60 bpm
Regular
3. Sinus Tachycardia - ANSWER ✔ HR > 100 bpm
Regular
4. sinus dysrhythmia - ANSWER ✔ HR 60-100 bpm
Irregular rhythm
P waves normal
QRS complexes normal
PR Intervals normal
5. Sinus Arrest - ANSWER ✔ HR 60-100 bpm
Rhythm is irregular where there is a pause
P waves, QRS complexes and PR intervals are normal and all look alike (but
absent where there is a pause in rhythm)
,6. Wandering Atrial Pacemaker - ANSWER ✔ -HR 60-100 bpm
-Slightly irregular
-P waves differ, as frequently as from beat to beat, may be upright or
inverted, can even be absent
-QRS complexes normal, all appear the same
-PR intervals vary, when the P wave is present the P'R intervals may be
normal, shortened, or prolonged
-QT intervals within normal range but may vary
7. EKG or ECG - ANSWER ✔ electrocardiogram; graphic representation of
electrical activity of heart via leads placed on skin
8. Electrical rhythm should cause what? - ANSWER ✔ contractions of the
heart
9. Dysrhythmias - ANSWER ✔ abnormal rhythms of electrical system
- caused by electrolyte imbalances, CAD, respiratory problems, drug
toxicity, or aging
10.Lead Placement - ANSWER ✔ White is on right, black is on the left
Clouds over grass
Smoke over fire
Brown in the middle
11.Automaticity - ANSWER ✔ the ability of the heart to create electrical
impulses
,12.Excitability - ANSWER ✔ the ability of the heart to respond to electrical
impulse from pacemaker cells and depolarize
13.Conductivity - ANSWER ✔ the ability of the heart to send electrical impulse
from cell to cell
14.Contractility - ANSWER ✔ the ability of the heart to respond mechanically
15.Polarization - ANSWER ✔ negative inside cell at resting state
16.Depolarization - ANSWER ✔ movement of sodium that causes inside of cell
to be more positive
17.Myocardial Infarction - ANSWER ✔ prolonged ischemia longer than 30 to
45 minutes causes irreversable cell death and muscle death
-MI often effects left ventricle
-transmural (Q-wave MI) infarction involves the full thickness of the wall
-subendocardial (Non-Q wave MI) infarction is limited to the inner half of
the myocardium
18.Artifact - ANSWER ✔ -ECG deflections caused by influences other than
heart's electrical activity
-wandering baseline
-pacemaker spikes
-60 cycle interference
-muscle artifact
19.Wandering Baseline - ANSWER ✔ varies with respiration
, 20.60 cycle interference - ANSWER ✔ lead wires crossing over electrical cord
connected to power outlet
21.Pacemaker Spikes - ANSWER ✔ artificial pacing with pacemaker
22.Muscle Artifact - ANSWER ✔ caused by muscle contractions associated
with movement and shivering
23.Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) - ANSWER ✔ -electrical activity can be
observed on the EKG, but there is no ventricular contraction and therefore
no pulse
24.Sudden Cardiac Death - ANSWER ✔ -result from V-tach or V-fib usually
-CAD, aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
25.Defibrillation and Synchronized Cardioversion - ANSWER ✔ -most
effective method of terminating ventricular defibrillation and pulseless VT
-same procedure as defibrillation except when done on a non-emergent
patient, pateitn is awake and given a sedative and the shock is at a lower
level.
26.Defibrillation Waves - ANSWER ✔ Monophasic
Biphasic
27.Pacemakers - ANSWER ✔ electronic device used to pace the heart when the
normal conduction pathway is damaged or diseased
