MCN 538 UPDATED PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Alternate therapies for syphilis include - ✔✔14 days of doxycycline or tetracycline or
cephalosporins; Unless a complete adherence can be ensured, PCN allergy
desensitization is recommended.
Treatment of the partner should extend back for the presumed period of symptoms + 90
days;
For secondary cases, the reach back period is 6 months + symptom duration and for
early latent syphilis it is 1 year.
✔✔how is the effectiveness of syphilis treatment tracked - ✔✔Effectiveness of tx is
tracked with repeat testing at 6,12, and 24 months; A sustained reduction in titers = true
cure; otherwise test for HIV and evaluate for neurosyphilis.
✔✔• Benefits of transabdominal vs. transvaginal ultrasound - - ✔✔-A transvaginal
ultrasound, also called an endovaginal ultrasound, is a type of pelvic ultrasound used by
doctors to examine female reproductive organs.
This includes the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, cervix and vagina. "Transvaginal"
means "through the vagina". This is an internal examination.
Unlike a regular abdominal or pelvic ultrasound, where the ultrasound wand
(transducer) rests on the outside of the pelvis, this procedure involves your doctor or a
technician inserting an ultrasound probe about 2 or 3 inches into your vaginal canal.
Transvaginal ultrasound is necessary for: -unexplained vaginal bleeding -pelvic pain -an
ectopic pregnancy -infertility -a check for cyst or uterine fibroids -verification that an IUD
in placed properly -an abnormal pelvic or abdominal exam
✔✔During pregnancy a transvaginal ultrasound may be ordered to: - ✔✔-monitor the
heartbeat of the fetus -look at the cervix for any changes that could lead to
complications such as miscarriage or premature delivery-transvaginal cervical length
measurement is more accurate and more reliably obtained than the transabdominal
approach. -examine the placenta for abnormalities -identify the source of any abnormal
bleeding -diagnose a possible miscarriage -confirm an early pregnancy
✔✔A transvaginal ultrasound helps diagnose multiple conditions, including: - ✔✔-
cancer of the reproductive organs -routine pregnancy -cysts -fibroids -pelvic infection -
ectopic pregnancy -miscarriage -placenta previa
✔✔transabdominal ultrasound provides information - ✔✔about abdominal organs.
, Transvaginal ultrasound is most advantageous for examining the obese patient, patient
with retroverted uterus ot the patient who has difficulty maintaining bladder distention.
It is the approach of choice in monitoring follicular size during fertility workups and
during aspiration of follicles for in vitro fertilization.
✔✔Interpretation of urinalysis results - - ✔✔UA obtained for symptoms of irritation,
burning, pain, change in frequency of urination or change in appearance of urine;
✔✔process of UA determines the following properties: - ✔✔color, odor, turbidity,
specific gravity, pH, glucose, ketones, blood, protein, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrite,
leukocyte esterase and other abnormal constituents revealed by microscopic exam of
the urine sediment;
✔✔Normal characteristics of urine: page 194 - 229 (Lab and Diagnostic Tests Book) -
✔✔Color: pale yellow - amber ● Clarity: clear to slightly hazy ● Specific Gravity: 1.005 -
1.030 ● Glucose: negative ● Ketones: negative ● pH: 5.0 - 8.0 ● Protein: negative ●
Blood: negative ● Bilirubin: negative ● Urobilinogen: 0.2 - 1.0 EU/dL ● Nitrite: negative ●
Leukocyte: negative
✔✔• Interpretation of a non-stress test - ✔✔Negative result → reactive NST
Positive result →
Inconclusive or unsatisfactory →
✔✔Negative result → reactive NST - ✔✔ACOG criteria for a reactive NST (with or
without stimulation): two or more accelerations of FHR, peaking at least 15 beats/minute
above the baseline FHR and lasting at least 15 seconds from baseline to baseline,
within a 20-minute period.
✔✔Positive result →nonreactive NST - ✔✔If the fetus does not react within the first 20
minutes, stimulation should be applied. This can be acoustic stimulation where an
artificial larynx is placed on the patient's abdomen and it is activated for 1-2 seconds.
This may be repeated up to 3 times for gradually increased durations up to 3 seconds to
bring about FHR accelerations.
This can actually shorten the time needed for reactive NST and reduce false -positive
test results. -
The test is considered nonreactive if, after extension to 40 minutes, the ACOG criteria
are not met.
Follow with a contraction stress test, ultrasound, and fetal biophysical profile
✔✔Inconclusive or unsatisfactory → - ✔✔unclear results
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Alternate therapies for syphilis include - ✔✔14 days of doxycycline or tetracycline or
cephalosporins; Unless a complete adherence can be ensured, PCN allergy
desensitization is recommended.
Treatment of the partner should extend back for the presumed period of symptoms + 90
days;
For secondary cases, the reach back period is 6 months + symptom duration and for
early latent syphilis it is 1 year.
✔✔how is the effectiveness of syphilis treatment tracked - ✔✔Effectiveness of tx is
tracked with repeat testing at 6,12, and 24 months; A sustained reduction in titers = true
cure; otherwise test for HIV and evaluate for neurosyphilis.
✔✔• Benefits of transabdominal vs. transvaginal ultrasound - - ✔✔-A transvaginal
ultrasound, also called an endovaginal ultrasound, is a type of pelvic ultrasound used by
doctors to examine female reproductive organs.
This includes the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, cervix and vagina. "Transvaginal"
means "through the vagina". This is an internal examination.
Unlike a regular abdominal or pelvic ultrasound, where the ultrasound wand
(transducer) rests on the outside of the pelvis, this procedure involves your doctor or a
technician inserting an ultrasound probe about 2 or 3 inches into your vaginal canal.
Transvaginal ultrasound is necessary for: -unexplained vaginal bleeding -pelvic pain -an
ectopic pregnancy -infertility -a check for cyst or uterine fibroids -verification that an IUD
in placed properly -an abnormal pelvic or abdominal exam
✔✔During pregnancy a transvaginal ultrasound may be ordered to: - ✔✔-monitor the
heartbeat of the fetus -look at the cervix for any changes that could lead to
complications such as miscarriage or premature delivery-transvaginal cervical length
measurement is more accurate and more reliably obtained than the transabdominal
approach. -examine the placenta for abnormalities -identify the source of any abnormal
bleeding -diagnose a possible miscarriage -confirm an early pregnancy
✔✔A transvaginal ultrasound helps diagnose multiple conditions, including: - ✔✔-
cancer of the reproductive organs -routine pregnancy -cysts -fibroids -pelvic infection -
ectopic pregnancy -miscarriage -placenta previa
✔✔transabdominal ultrasound provides information - ✔✔about abdominal organs.
, Transvaginal ultrasound is most advantageous for examining the obese patient, patient
with retroverted uterus ot the patient who has difficulty maintaining bladder distention.
It is the approach of choice in monitoring follicular size during fertility workups and
during aspiration of follicles for in vitro fertilization.
✔✔Interpretation of urinalysis results - - ✔✔UA obtained for symptoms of irritation,
burning, pain, change in frequency of urination or change in appearance of urine;
✔✔process of UA determines the following properties: - ✔✔color, odor, turbidity,
specific gravity, pH, glucose, ketones, blood, protein, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrite,
leukocyte esterase and other abnormal constituents revealed by microscopic exam of
the urine sediment;
✔✔Normal characteristics of urine: page 194 - 229 (Lab and Diagnostic Tests Book) -
✔✔Color: pale yellow - amber ● Clarity: clear to slightly hazy ● Specific Gravity: 1.005 -
1.030 ● Glucose: negative ● Ketones: negative ● pH: 5.0 - 8.0 ● Protein: negative ●
Blood: negative ● Bilirubin: negative ● Urobilinogen: 0.2 - 1.0 EU/dL ● Nitrite: negative ●
Leukocyte: negative
✔✔• Interpretation of a non-stress test - ✔✔Negative result → reactive NST
Positive result →
Inconclusive or unsatisfactory →
✔✔Negative result → reactive NST - ✔✔ACOG criteria for a reactive NST (with or
without stimulation): two or more accelerations of FHR, peaking at least 15 beats/minute
above the baseline FHR and lasting at least 15 seconds from baseline to baseline,
within a 20-minute period.
✔✔Positive result →nonreactive NST - ✔✔If the fetus does not react within the first 20
minutes, stimulation should be applied. This can be acoustic stimulation where an
artificial larynx is placed on the patient's abdomen and it is activated for 1-2 seconds.
This may be repeated up to 3 times for gradually increased durations up to 3 seconds to
bring about FHR accelerations.
This can actually shorten the time needed for reactive NST and reduce false -positive
test results. -
The test is considered nonreactive if, after extension to 40 minutes, the ACOG criteria
are not met.
Follow with a contraction stress test, ultrasound, and fetal biophysical profile
✔✔Inconclusive or unsatisfactory → - ✔✔unclear results
